A basic study for constructing the model of infant's cognitive development : as examples of the domains of biology and physics.

构建婴儿认知发展模型的基础研究：以生物学和物理学领域为例。

• 批准号: 09610092
• 负责人: OCHIAI Masayuki
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Otemon Gakuin University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610092/
• 关键词: naive biology; naive physics; framework theory; understanding of the origin of things; nativism; connectionist's model; constructivism; cognitive developmental model; 物理の認識; フレームワーク理論; ものの認識; ものの起源; モデル; 自然物; 人工物; 理論説; 認知発達; 生物; 存在論的区別 /

The current year was the last year of my research ; the results of these three years were summarized.First, the review of the papers concerning the infant's understanding of biology (naive biology) and physics (naive physics) was conducted and this showed that infants acquired the framework theory of biology and physics through comparatively a little experience by the special kind of learning. This also showed the difference between infants' naive biological theory and naive physics theory. It was shown that infants constructed the naive physics earlier than the naive biology.Second, in order to examine this fact, the data concerning the infants' understanding of the origin of things were collected. The data showed that infants understood it categorically. Especially, The category of artifact was constructed earlier than other categories. Infants did not understand well about inanimate in the category of natural things. So infants did not establish the category of physics in this age. The data also showed that it was difficult for the infants to understand the plants. This meant that the categories such as artifact, inanimate, and animates were equally acquired.The review of the papers concerning the cognitive developmental model such as innate theory (nativism) included the module theory and the constraints ; the empiricism included the information processing theory such as production theory and connectionist theory, constructivist's theory such as Piaget, and the Darwinism was conducted. It was proposed that the hybrid model of cognitive development was the best way for modeling in current states of data and tools for model.

今年是我研究的最后一年，总结了这三年的成果，首先，对有关婴儿对生物学（朴素生物学）和物理学（朴素物理学）的理解的论文进行了回顾，结果表明，婴儿通过特殊的学习，通过相对较少的经验，获得了生物学和物理学的框架理论。这也说明了幼儿朴素生物学理论与朴素物理学理论的差异。研究结果表明，婴儿对朴素物理学的建构早于对朴素生物学的建构。其次，为了验证这一事实，收集了有关婴儿对事物起源的理解的数据。数据显示，婴儿对它的理解是绝对的。尤其是人工制品范畴的建立较早。婴儿对自然界中的无生命事物的理解不够。所以婴儿在这个年龄段并没有建立起物理学的范畴。数据还表明，婴儿很难理解植物。对认知发展模式的研究主要有先天论（nativism）、模块论（modeltheory）、制约论（constraints）等认知发展模式的综述，生产论、联结论等信息加工理论的综述，皮亚杰等建构主义者的认知发展理论的综述，达尔文主义的认知发展理论的综述。在现有数据和建模工具的条件下，认知发展的混合模型是最佳的建模方式。

项目成果

落合正行: "赤ちゃんの認識世界(正高信男編)ものの知識の獲得" ミネルヴァ書房, 287 (1999)

落合雅之：《婴儿的认知世界（正高信雄主编）事物知识的获取》密涅瓦书房，287（1999）

Ochiai, M.: "The acquisition of the knowledge for objects"Masataka (Ed.) The cognitive world of Infants. Mineruva-shobo. 199-229 (1999)

Ochiai, M.：“物体知识的获取”Masataka（主编）婴儿的认知世界。

落合正行: "乳幼児の生物の認識の発達"追手門学院大学人間学部紀要. 6. 1-27 (1998)

Masayuki Ochiai：“婴儿生物识别的发展”大手门学院大学人文科学学院公告 6. 1-27 (1998)。

正高信男: "赤ちゃんの認識世界"ミネルヴァ書房. 287 (1999)

正孝伸夫：《婴儿的认知世界》密涅瓦书房 287 (1999)