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The Studies on the folklore concerning cattle raising in Chugoku mountain area

中国山区养牛民间传说研究

基本信息

批准号：
09610316
负责人：
KITAMURA Tadashi
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This paper is written on the field research which was done in the Chugoku mountain area of Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, and Tottori prefectures concerning various customs and folklores of cow raising.The farmers had the strongest desires to breed Japanese cows in the Chugoku mountain area, indicating so high value of cows raised at every farmer. The high value is due to the custom of raising cows on the pastures called makiba in this area. The cows raised on the pastures enjoyed good reputation being fitted to the farm cattles.There were so many cattle markets in this mountain area, where cattle dealers called bakuro did buying and selling and exchanging cows. We can here see kurasita customs, that is hiring oxen at short term for plowing wet rice fields between mountain regions and plain regions. As these cases the wide networks was made up between regions through exchanging cattles. The bakuro mediated this cattle flowing, of course.We can see the various worship of the guardian gods for cattles in this area. The first type is the case of the native old gods which have been believed as the guardian gods of cows. Kouzin, mountain spirits, Dainichi Nyorai, and Oban shrine is pointed out for this example. In particular Kouzin is worshiped all around the Chugoku mountain area. The second type is the gods which have been accepted with the distinct consciousness as the guardian gods for cows. These examples are Daisen shrine and Nawakuri shrine. The latter is the shrine in Hirose, Shimane, being well-known for the guadian god of cows. In the Taisho era this worship was spread out in the Chugoku mountain area through being organized Nawakuri worship association by the priest of Nawakuri shrine.

本文是在广岛县、冈山县、岛根县、鸟取县的中国山区进行实地调查，了解各种养牛习俗和民俗。中国山区的农民饲养日本牛的愿望最为强烈，可见每个农民饲养的牛的价值都很高。其高价值是由于该地区有在称为牧场的牧场上饲养奶牛的习俗。牧场上饲养的牛享有与农家牛相配的美誉。山区有很多牛市场，被称为“巴库罗”的牛贩子在这里进行牛的买卖和交换。在这里我们可以看到仓田习俗，即短期租用牛在山区和平原地区之间犁湿稻田。在这些情况下，广泛的网络是通过交换牛在地区之间建立的。当然，巴库罗调解了牛的流动。在这一地区我们可以看到对牛的守护神的各种崇拜。第一种是当地的旧神，他们被认为是牛的守护神。这个例子指出了Kouzin、山神、Dainichi Nyorai 和Oban 神社。尤其是中国山区各地都供奉着高神。第二种是被明确意识所接受的牛的守护神。这些例子是大山神社和绳裂神社。后者是位于岛根县广濑市的神社，以牛的守护神而闻名。在大正时代，绳裂神社的神父组织了绳裂祭祀会，这种崇拜在中国山区得以传播。