The Studies on the folklore concerning cattle raising in Chugoku mountain area

本文是在广岛县、冈山县、岛根县和鸟取县的中部山区进行的关于奶牛饲养的各种习俗和民间传说的田野调查的基础上写成的。中部山区的农民对饲养日本奶牛的愿望最强烈，表明每个农民都非常重视奶牛的饲养。这一高价值是因为在这一地区名为Makiba的牧场上饲养奶牛的习俗。在牧场上饲养的牛享有与农场牛相适应的良好声誉。这一山区有如此多的牛市场，在那里，牛贩子Bakuro进行牛的买卖和交换。我们在这里可以看到库拉西塔的习俗，即在山区和平原之间短期租用公牛耕种潮湿的稻田。在这些情况下，地区之间通过交换牛群组成了广泛的网络。当然，巴库罗人促成了牛群的流动。我们可以看到这一地区对牛的各种守护神的崇拜。第一种类型是当地古老的神，他们一直被认为是牛的守护神。在这个例子中指出了口津、山神、大内寺和欧班神社。特别是在初国山区，人们都崇拜口津。第二种类型是以鲜明的意识被接受为牛的守护神的神。这些例子是大仙神社和内瓦库里神社。后者是岛根市希罗斯的神社，以瓜甸的牛神而闻名。在大正时代，这种崇拜是由纳瓦库里神社的牧师组织的纳瓦库里崇拜协会在初国山区传播的。

This paper is written on the field research which was done in the Chugoku mountain area of Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, and Tottori prefectures concerning various customs and folklores of cow raising.The farmers had the strongest desires to breed Japanese cows in the Chugoku mountain area, indicating so high value of cows raised at every farmer. The high value is due to the custom of raising cows on the pastures called makiba in this area. The cows raised on the pastures enjoyed good reputation being fitted to the farm cattles.There were so many cattle markets in this mountain area, where cattle dealers called bakuro did buying and selling and exchanging cows. We can here see kurasita customs, that is hiring oxen at short term for plowing wet rice fields between mountain regions and plain regions. As these cases the wide networks was made up between regions through exchanging cattles. The bakuro mediated this cattle flowing, of course.We can see the various worship of the guardian gods for cattles in this area. The first type is the case of the native old gods which have been believed as the guardian gods of cows. Kouzin, mountain spirits, Dainichi Nyorai, and Oban shrine is pointed out for this example. In particular Kouzin is worshiped all around the Chugoku mountain area. The second type is the gods which have been accepted with the distinct consciousness as the guardian gods for cows. These examples are Daisen shrine and Nawakuri shrine. The latter is the shrine in Hirose, Shimane, being well-known for the guadian god of cows. In the Taisho era this worship was spread out in the Chugoku mountain area through being organized Nawakuri worship association by the priest of Nawakuri shrine.