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ANCIENT GLASS TECHNIQUES AND COMPOSITIONS BY X-RAY OPTICAL METHODS

X 射线光学方法的古代玻璃技术和合成

基本信息

批准号：
09610418
负责人：
KOEZUKA Takayasu
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
NARA NATIONAL CULTURAL PROPERTIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study clarified chemical compositions and manufacturing technique of ancient glasses by using X-ray optics.1). To examine manufacturing technique of tubular beads, comma shaped beads, and beads, this study showed inside structure of the beads, using high energy X-ray computerized tomography for the first time in Japan.At the same time, beads that has simple structure were investigated by traditional X-ray photography accompanied with newly developed image processing.The result is that tubular beads, made of potash-silica glass and distributed in Yayoi period were hollowed, and that these glass objects were found in Fukui, northern part of Kyoto, Tottori, Shimane prefectures, raging from Hokuriku to Sannin districts, not in Kyushu district.Meanwhile, tubular beads made of lead-barium glass and distributed in the same Yayoi period were fabricated by molding, which is different from the manufacturing process of tubular beads made of potash-silica glass.2). As for glass compositions in Yayoi period, the majority was lead-barium glass and potash-silica glass. From the latter half of the Yayoi period to the beginning of Kofun period, soda-lime-silica glass appeared, and became at its best in the Kofun period.By the content of alumina, there are two types of soda-lime-silica glasses distributed in Japan.It is said that the glasses with various colors appeared in the Kofun period, which were brought by the use of soda-lime-silica glass containing a large amount of alumina.Further investigation showed that mentioned above were already observed in the northern part of Kyushu from the late Yayoi period.What is more, mixed-alkali-silica glass was excavated in the relic of Kofun period, being needed further investigation, such as from where the manufacturing technique was brought to.

本研究利用x射线光学澄清了古代玻璃的化学成分和制作工艺。为了检验管状珠、逗号形珠和珠的制造工艺，本研究在日本首次使用高能x射线计算机断层扫描技术显示了珠的内部结构。同时，利用传统的x射线摄影技术结合新发展的图像处理技术，对结构简单的微珠进行了研究。结果是，由钾硅玻璃制成的、分布于弥生时代的管状珠子被掏空了，这些玻璃物体是在京都北部的福井、鸟取县、岛根县发现的，从北ku地区蔓延到三宁地区，而不是在九州地区。与此同时，分布在同一弥生时期的铅钡玻璃管状微珠采用模压法制得，这与钾硅玻璃管状微珠的制造工艺不同。弥生时期的玻璃成分以铅钡玻璃和钾硅玻璃为主。从弥生时代后半期到古坟时代初期，出现了钠石灰硅玻璃，并在古坟时代达到了最好的状态。根据氧化铝的含量，在日本分布有两种钠-石灰-硅玻璃。据说，在古fun时代出现了各种颜色的玻璃，这是使用含有大量氧化铝的钠-石灰-硅玻璃带来的。进一步调查表明，上述现象在九州北部早在弥生晚期就已出现。此外，在古坟时代的遗迹中发现了碱硅混合玻璃，需要进一步调查制造技术的来源。