Investigation of Ancient Chinese Mural Paintings and Clay Figures

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This research has aimed to do an investigation of the ancient clay figure and the mural painting, in connection with art history, materials science, the manufacture technique, the dating, and the development of the conservation and restoration technology in collaboration with China and Japan. The outline of the research result is described as follows.The investigation with portable analysis devices, other analysis machines, and the environmental measuring instrument that put the clay figure and the mural painting in China and Japan was executed. In the case of Kumutula cave, pigment analysis, temperature distribution of cliff surface, the survey of temperature, humidity and ultraviolet ray were investigated. We identified the pigments and obtained important information for the restoration of cave itself and the mural painting. In the investigation of Inner Mongolia Lamaism temples that are Dazhao and Meidaizhao lamasery, we were able to get some useful information on the manufacture technique of the mural painting, and we made clear the deterioration conditions and the storage environment. Especially, the evidence of mixed pigments was acquired. In Meidaizhao lamasery, newly we could discover the signs of the master that were written in chinese-ink as instructions for apprentice. Moreover, the result of the clarification of the layer structure of mural paintings by X-ray CT and X-ray CR method was able to be achieved. The example of Japanese tumulus mural painting, Kajiyama tomb, being able to observe the motif clearly by visible light of 415 nm, and being drawn by the soil that existed together with the fine grain that seems Hematite. Through the joint symposiums about the investigation of the clay figure and the mural painting that were held in Nara and Hohhot, we shared problems besides discussed its solutions concerning the analysis investigation and restoration of the clay figure and the mural painting.