Investigation of Ancient Chinese Mural Paintings and Clay Figures

本研究旨在通过与中日两国的合作，对中国古代泥人和壁画进行艺术史、材料学、制作技术、断代以及保护修复技术的发展等方面的研究。研究结果概要如下：在中国和日本，使用便携式分析仪器、其他分析仪器、放置泥人和壁画的环境测量仪器进行了调查。以库木吐拉洞穴为例，进行了洞穴色素分析、崖面温度分布、温度、湿度和紫外线的测量。通过对这些颜料的鉴定，为洞窟本身的修复和壁画的修复提供了重要的信息。通过对内蒙古喇嘛教大昭寺和美岱召寺的调查，了解到了该壁画的制作工艺，明确了该壁画的劣化状况和保存环境。特别是获得了混合色素的证据。在梅岱召寺，我们最近发现了师傅用墨汁写的学徒指示。此外，X射线CT和X射线CR方法能够达到澄清壁画的层结构的结果。日本古墓壁画的例子，Kajiyama墓，能够通过415 nm的可见光清楚地观察主题，并通过与似乎赤铁矿的细粒一起存在的土壤绘制。通过在奈良、呼和浩特两地举办的泥人、壁画调查联合座谈会，就泥人、壁画的分析、调查、修复等问题进行了交流和探讨。

This research has aimed to do an investigation of the ancient clay figure and the mural painting, in connection with art history, materials science, the manufacture technique, the dating, and the development of the conservation and restoration technology in collaboration with China and Japan. The outline of the research result is described as follows.The investigation with portable analysis devices, other analysis machines, and the environmental measuring instrument that put the clay figure and the mural painting in China and Japan was executed. In the case of Kumutula cave, pigment analysis, temperature distribution of cliff surface, the survey of temperature, humidity and ultraviolet ray were investigated. We identified the pigments and obtained important information for the restoration of cave itself and the mural painting. In the investigation of Inner Mongolia Lamaism temples that are Dazhao and Meidaizhao lamasery, we were able to get some useful information on the manufacture technique of the mural painting, and we made clear the deterioration conditions and the storage environment. Especially, the evidence of mixed pigments was acquired. In Meidaizhao lamasery, newly we could discover the signs of the master that were written in chinese-ink as instructions for apprentice. Moreover, the result of the clarification of the layer structure of mural paintings by X-ray CT and X-ray CR method was able to be achieved. The example of Japanese tumulus mural painting, Kajiyama tomb, being able to observe the motif clearly by visible light of 415 nm, and being drawn by the soil that existed together with the fine grain that seems Hematite. Through the joint symposiums about the investigation of the clay figure and the mural painting that were held in Nara and Hohhot, we shared problems besides discussed its solutions concerning the analysis investigation and restoration of the clay figure and the mural painting.