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Analysis of Real-time Processing of Empty Subjects

空科目实时处理分析

基本信息

批准号：
09610538
负责人：
SAKAMOTO Tsutomu
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Through a series of experiments, this study examined how Japanese speakers understood the empty subject sentence in which a "subject" (or, , an agent) is not specified. First, a "subject preference" is observed irrespective of the word order. Moreover, it became clear that a top-down prediction was made before the verb appears at the end of a sentence. However, the subject preference phenomenon became faint when the experimental task was changed from the recognition task to the retrieval task.Considering the results of such psychological experiments, it is suggested that the mechanism of the sentence processing transfers from the top-down process to the bottom-up process according to the time transition. The "reaction repertory" explained this change of mental processes. This is why the sentence comprehension is effectively performed during a short time and without serious errors.Moreover, the present study tried to examine how the language processing mechanism is related to the neurophysiological system. The recent study about the language processing moved ahead in the form of the cooperation study from the various disciplines. Especially, the study of the language processing tries to reach a new phase as the recent brain science develops. An expression like 'soft color' involves a mismatch between the tactile and the visual sensory modalities. Observing these mismatch expressions, we notice that 'soft color' is easier to comprehend than 'red touch'. Among sensory mismatch expressions, thus, there seems to be a difference of 'comprehensibleness'. We obtained very interesting findings that this difference of comprehensiveness was reflected in the difference of brain hemisphere.

本研究通过一系列实验考察了日语使用者对没有指定“主语”（或施事）的空主语句的理解。第一，观察到的“主题偏好”与词序无关。此外，很明显，在动词出现在句末之前，就已经做出了自上而下的预测。当实验任务由再认任务转换为提取任务时，被试的偏好现象变得微弱，这表明句子加工机制随着时间的推移由自上而下的加工过程转变为自下而上的加工过程。“反应库”解释了这种心理过程的变化。这也是为什么句子理解能在短时间内有效地完成，并且没有严重错误的原因。此外，本研究试图探讨语言加工机制与神经生理系统的关系。近年来对语言加工的研究以多学科合作研究的形式向前推进。特别是随着脑科学的发展，语言加工的研究也进入了一个新的阶段。像“柔和的颜色”这样的表达涉及触觉和视觉感官模式之间的不匹配。观察这些不匹配的表达，我们注意到“柔和的颜色”比“红色触摸”更容易理解。因此，在感觉不匹配的表达中，似乎存在“可理解性”的差异。我们得到了非常有趣的发现，这种综合能力的差异反映在大脑半球的差异上。