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Research for the suitable location of Japanese Summary Courts (Kan'i Saibansyo)

日本简易法院（Kani Saibansyo）的适宜选址研究

基本信息

批准号：
09620038
负责人：
SANO Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09620038/
关键词：
Judicial System Justice's court Small claims court Accsess to Justice Justiciability Jurisdiction Jury Justice of the peace 裁判制度簡易裁判所判事日本弁護士連合会填補

项目摘要

Japanese Summary Courts (Kan'i Saibansyo) were created as the lowest court after World War II, for small claims between citizens, in 557 places (at first, then 575 places) in our whole country. At the beginning, they were found in every 2 police precincts, because of a writ or warrant. But the circumstances have been changing, so the origin places were not suitable. According to the 90th Law in 1987(Kakyusaibansyo no setsuritsu oyobi kankatsukuiki ni kansuru horitsu no ichibu wo kaiseisuru horitsu), many Summary Courts have been combined or replaced.Summary Courts have worked as not only a small claims court, but also a ordinary first instance. In the latter, the replace was necessary and rationality, but in the former, has occurred the constitutional problem, that is access to court.The 90th Law in 1987 has made an inconvenience to the people in remote rural areas, but no unconstitutional action. Rather than this problem, after the replacement Summary Courts are able to work more effective because of the concentration of judicial resources. In result Summary Courts can take small claims, which could not bring an action, more positively. Then the regulation for small claims (Syogaku Saiban Seido) was made in the new Civil Procedure in 1996.

日本简易法院（Kan'i Saibansyo）是第二次世界大战后在全国557个地方（最初是575个地方）设立的最低法院，用于处理公民之间的小额索赔。一开始，他们被发现在每两个警察分局，因为令状或逮捕令。但现在的情况已经发生了变化，所以发源地并不合适。根据1987年的第90号法律（Kakyusaibansyo no setsuritsu oyobi kankatsukuiki ni kansuru horitsu no ichibu wo kaiseiseuru horitsu），许多简易法院被合并或取代。简易法院不仅是小额索赔法院，也是普通一审法院。在后者中，这种替代是必要的、合理的，而在前者中，却出现了宪法问题，即诉诸法院的问题，1987年的第90号法律虽然给偏远农村地区的人民带来了不便，但并没有出现违宪行为。与其说是这个问题，倒不如说是更换后的简易法院能够更有效地工作，因为司法资源集中了。因此，即决法院可以更积极地受理不能提起诉讼的小额索赔。1996年，新的民事诉讼程序中又制定了小额索赔条例。