A Study of medico-legal experts' opinions on blood type and the possible causes of misjudgment that led to retrial and acquittal in three major Tohoku region cases

东北地区三起重大案件血型判断误判及重审无罪的可能原因研究

• 批准号: 09620056
• 负责人: TANAKA Terukazu
• 金额: $ 0.45万
• 依托单位: TOHOKU GAKUIN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09620056/
• 关键词: CAUSES OF MISJUDGMENT; RETRIAL; ACQUITTAL; BLOOD TYPE; EXPERT OPINION; THE HIROSAKI CASE; THE AOMORI(YONEYA) CASE; THE MATSUYAMA CASE; 法医学鑑定; 血液型鑑定; 再審無罪事件; 血痕鑑定; 体液(斑)血液型鑑定; 米谷事件; 証拠価値

1. Research purposeThe main purpose of this study is to clarify some of the causes of misjudgment in three major Tohoku region cases that led to retrial and acquittal. These misjudgments were based on conclusions of medico-legal experts. The cases involved murders committed in Hirosaki-shi in 1949, Aomori-shi in 1952, and Matsuyama-machi ( Miyagi ) in 1955.2. Research results(a) The Aomori ( Yoneya ) Case : The research shows a high probability that there was a mistake in determining blood type from the accused's saliva which limited evidential credibility in the medico-legal experts' opinion. At the same time, the writer predicts that higher credibility can be obtained ( though there is a limit on accuracy ) when a sufficient quantity of secretors specimen is examined by competent experts.(b) The Hirosaki case : Dr. Y. Watanabe concluded that the determinations of blood origin and type especially regarding the so called Q and E system blood type from dried stains were quite questionable. The writer agrees with this view. Furthermore, the writer points out the significance of admissibility problems with novel scientific evidence, which are well illustrated in the Hirosaki case.(c) The Matsuyama case : The results from the Aomori and the Hirosaki cases give the writer insight which helps in interpreting this case, and in understanding the credibility limits of medico-legal experts' opinions on determinations regarding blood.3. Application and future workHere in Japan, theoretical and practical joint research is needed to eliminate the causes of misjudgment revealed in these three cases, and in others reported from all over Japan. The writer expresses his wish that the present study would serve as a pilot study for future investigation of this issue.

1.研究目的本研究的主要目的是澄清导致重审和无罪释放的东北地区三个主要案件中的一些误判原因。这些错误判断是基于法医专家的结论。这些案件涉及1949年在弘前市、1952年在青森市和1955年在松山町（宫城）发生的谋杀案。研究结果（a）青森（米谷）案：研究表明，从被告唾液中确定血型的错误可能性很高，这限制了法医专家意见的证据可信度。同时，作者预测，当有足够数量的分泌物标本由有能力的专家检查时，可以获得更高的可信度（尽管准确性有限制）。(b)广崎案：Y. Watanabe得出结论，确定血液来源和类型，特别是关于所谓的Q和E系统血型从干污渍是非常值得怀疑的。笔者赞同这一观点。此外，作者指出了新颖科学证据的可采性问题的重要性，这在广崎案中得到了很好的说明。(c)松山案：从青森案和广崎案的分析结果，笔者对本案的解释，以及法医学专家对血液鉴定意见的可信度有了一定的认识。应用与今后的工作在日本，需要从理论和实践上共同研究，以消除这三个案例以及日本各地报道的其他案例中所揭示的误判原因。作者希望本研究能为今后这一问题的研究提供一个试点。

项目成果

TERUKAZU, TANAKA: "Problems of Experts' Opinions on Human Blood Identification from Stains : The Hirosaki Retrial Innocent Case ( Part 1. )"THE JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLITICAL SCIENCE (Published by The Association of Law and Political Science of TOHOKU UNIVE

照冢、田中：《关于从污渍鉴定人体血液的专家意见的问题：弘前再审无罪案（第1部分）》《法律与政治科学杂志》（东北大学法律与政治科学协会出版）

TERUKAZU, TANAKA: "Note on the Admissibility of Novel Scientific Evidence : As the Example of Medico-legal Experts' Opinions on Blood Types in the HIROSAKI Case"THE TOHOKU GAKUIN UNIVERSITY REVIEW, LAW AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. No.55 56. 39-66 (2000)

TERUKAZU, TANAKA：“关于新科学证据的可接受性的说明：以弘崎案中法医学专家对血型的意见为例”东北学院大学评论、法律和政治科学。

田中輝和: "体液(斑)血液型鑑定の証拠価値の限界とその限度" 松尾浩也先生古稀祝賀論文集. (未定). (1998)

田中照和：“体液（点）血型鉴定的证据价值的限制和限制”松尾博也教授的罕见庆祝论文集（待定）。

田中輝和: "体液(班)血液型鑑定の証拠価値の限界とその限度"松尾浩也先生古希祝賀論文集・下巻(有斐閣). 459-481 (1998)

Teruwa Tanaka：“体液（群体）血型检测的证据价值及其局限性”，Koya Matsuo 的古代庆祝论文集，第 2 卷（Yuhikaku）459-481（1998）。

田中輝和: "誤判原因研究の近時の進展--血痕鑑定などの証拠価値の限界について"東北学院大学法学政治学研究所紀要. 7. 37-60 (1999)

田中照和：“误判原因研究的最新进展——关于血迹检验证据价值的局限性”，东北学院大学法政研究所通报，7. 37-60 (1999)。