Division of Labor Relation for the Technological Development

技术开发的劳动关系分工

• 批准号: 09630049
• 负责人: AKASHI Yoshihiko
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Osaka City University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09630049/
• 关键词: complementality of business resources; technological alliances; core technology; technological strategy; technological development; technology for manufacturing; firm-specific technology; technological advantages; 設計; ベンチャー企業; ノウハウ

(l)The common features of management policy for the technological development-oriented small and medium enterprises are as follows :---setting the longer time horizon for the technological development,---maintaining the design capability which leads to their competitiveness that the rival firms can't catch up in a minute---maintaining the technological "core" stronger by accumulating the manufacturing know how---getting the promising business information like the market needs and good ideas from the customers or the people on the spot---sometimes outsourcing the particular function like the sale function(2) Recently, it is required to be commercially successful that firms implement the innovative business faster than rivals, and more effectively than rivals. It isn't easy for a single firm to do the whole process of the technological development and product development of itself instantly. Then, the number of technological alliances has remarkably increased.(3) In the technological dea … More ling between big firms in Japanese electronic industries, the patent licensing contracts have increased. In the evenly changing technological fields, the patent management has became more and more important that each firm specifies the promising technological field and it tries to get the patents before implementing the business in that field by the collaboration of intellectual property division and technological development division of the firm.(4) I investigated the change in operating performances between before and after their initial public offerings (IPOs) for some NASDAQ firms, some Japanese former ventures, some JASDAQ firms. The results are as follows : The average rates of sales growth and employment increase of NASDAQ firms are highest, those of the Japanese former ventures are second highest, and those of JASDAQ firms are third highest. In general, The average rates of sales growth and employment increase of post-IPO wasn't higher than those of pre-IPO.(5) In the technology import of Japan, the ratio of software technology has increased, and the ratio has changed from "only patent cqntracts" to "only know how contracts". In the terms of technological contracts, the pursuit of short-term profits has became stronger. Less

(L)以技术开发为导向的中小企业管理政策的共同特征是：-为技术开发设定更长的时间范围，-保持设计能力，使其具有竞争对手无法立即赶上的竞争力-通过积累制造诀窍来保持技术“核心”的更强-从客户或现场人员那里获得市场需求和好想法等有希望的商业信息-最近有时将销售职能等特定职能外包，要求公司比竞争对手更快、更有效地实施创新业务，才能在商业上取得成功。对于一个企业来说，要立即完成自己的技术开发和产品开发的整个过程并非易事。然后，技术联盟的数量显著增加。(3)在技术数据包络分析…在日本电子行业的大公司之间，专利许可合同增加了。在瞬息万变的技术领域，专利管理变得越来越重要，每个公司都要明确有前途的技术领域，并通过公司的知识产权部门和技术开发部门的合作，在实施该领域的业务之前努力获得专利。(4)考察了一些纳斯达克公司、一些日本前合资公司、一些JASDAQ公司首次公开募股(IPO)前后经营业绩的变化。结果表明：纳斯达克公司的平均销售额增长率和就业增长率最高，日本的前合资公司次之，JASDAQ公司的第三高。总体来看，IPO后的销售增长和就业增长的平均速度并不高于IPO前。(5)在日本的技术引进中，软件技术的比例有所增加，比例从只有专利合同变成了只知道合同。在技术合同条款方面，对短期利润的追求变得更加强烈。较少

项目成果

明石芳彦: "ベンチャー企業の存在条件" 惣那・山田・明石編著『日本のベンチャー企業』. 1-11 (1999)

Yoshihiko Akashi：“风险投资公司存在的条件”Sona、Yamada 和 Akashi（编）“日本风险投资公司”1-11 (1999)。

Yoshihiko AKASHI: "Small and Medium Enterprises and Technology", in Nakayama, S.et al., eds., The Social History of Science & Technology in Contemporary Japan : 1980-1995, Vol.5-I. Gakuyo Shobo, (1999)

Yoshihiko AKASHI：“中小企业与技术”，载于 Nakayama, S.et al., eds.，《科学社会史》

明石芳彦: "中小企業と高度技術" 中山・後藤・吉岡 編『[通史]日本の科学技術[国際期]』. 5-I. 2-12 (1999)

Yoshihiko Akashi：“中小企业和先进技术”Nakayama、Goto 和 Yoshioka（编辑）[完整历史] 日本科学技术 [国际期] 5-I。

Yoshihiko AKASHI: "Kyoto Research Park", in Seki, M.and J.Ono, eds.Science Park and Regional Industries. Shinhyoron, Tokyo, (1999)

Yoshihiko AKASHI：“京都研究园”，载于 Seki, M. 和 J.Ono，编辑《科学园和区域产业》。

明石芳彦: "ベンチャー企業の存在条件" 忽那・山田・明石編著『日本のベンチャー企業』. 1-11 (1999)

明石义彦：“风险投资公司的存在条件”《日本风险投资公司》，久名、山田、明石编1-11（1999）。