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Basic Skill and Technology of R&D-oriented Small and Medium Enterprises and Sources of Competitive Advantage

R基本功与技术

基本信息

批准号：
11630053
负责人：
AKASHI Yoshihiko
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Osaka City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) Some of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have specific skills that could not be easily realized by the special machines. These skills are related to precision of processing performances that any other persons can't do them in the same way. They depend not only on the skills of skilled workers, but also on the ability of doing the ordered jobs quickly. Some of ordered jobs are often composed of various technical specification, and are small in quantity of each product. They may require the person high level of technology. (2) The R＆D activities of new ventures are independent of their firm sizes in Japan. New ventures that seek to acquire more patents grew faster, before and after IPO (Initial Public Offering). However, New ventures may increase profitability by improving product, not by taking patents in Japan. (3) In the 'niche-top' SMEs that have high market shares in the particular markets, medium-sized firms acquired patents in proportion to the increase of sales revenues, a … More nd small firms acquired patents one half in proportion to the increase of sales revenues. However, the number of patent holdings per employee of these firms didn't contribute their market share levels by the statistical analysis. (4) The fast growing JASDAQ companies are companies in the service sector. The profitability of JASDAQ companies seems to be higher than profitability of listed companies in Japan. Most of JASDAQ companies attach importance to the new product development, and they contribute to the increase of profitability. By the answers to postal questionnaire letters, the "core assets" of JASDAQ companies are 'organization-specific know-how' and 'distribution channel'. However, they didn't increase their profitability and the rates of sales growth. (5) The core parts of production technologies of SMEs are often legally protected by acquiring patents in the case of new products. They are supported by the technical know-how and 'trade secrets' in the case of process technology. The patents and know-how of SMEs seem to increase their market shares as well as the satisfaction of customers' requests. Less

(1)一些中小型企业（SMEs）拥有特殊的技能，无法通过特殊的机器轻松实现。这些技能与加工性能的精确性有关，任何其他人都无法以同样的方式做到这一点。它们不仅依赖于熟练工人的技能，而且依赖于快速完成订单工作的能力。有些订单作业往往由多种技术规格组成，而且每种产品的数量都很小。他们可能需要高水平的技术。(2)在日本，新企业的研发活动与企业规模无关。寻求获得更多专利的新企业在IPO（首次公开募股）前后增长更快。然而，新企业可能通过改进产品而不是通过在日本获得专利来增加利润。(3)在特定市场占有率高的“利基顶端”中小企业中，中型企业获得的专利与销售收入的增长成正比， ...更多信息中小企业获得专利的比例为销售收入增长的一半。然而，通过统计分析，这些公司的每名员工的专利持有量并没有贡献他们的市场份额水平。(4)快速增长的JASDAQ公司是服务行业的公司。JASDAQ公司的盈利能力似乎高于日本上市公司的盈利能力。大多数JASDAQ公司都非常重视新产品的开发，这有助于提高盈利能力。根据邮寄问卷的回答，JASDAQ公司的“核心资产”是“组织特定的专业知识”和“分销渠道”。然而，他们并没有增加他们的盈利能力和销售增长率。(5)中小企业生产技术的核心部分往往通过获得新产品专利而得到法律保护。在工艺技术方面，它们得到技术诀窍和“商业秘密”的支持。中小企业的专利和专门知识似乎增加了它们的市场份额，并满足了客户的要求。少