权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY OF JAPANESE URBAN PRIVATE RAILWAYS : An Economic Analysis of Strategy and its Policy Implications

日本城市私营铁路的多元化战略：战略及其政策含义的经济分析

基本信息

批准号：
09630104
负责人：
SHOJI Kenichi
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
KOBE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In most industrialized countries, public ownership, subsidies, and operating deficits are generally taken as a given to the provision of urban public transportation. In Japan, however, numerous privately owned enterprises provide adequate urban transportation and operate profitably without subsidization. While factors such as a favorable urban structure (densely populated cities with concentrated urban cores) have improved the profitability of rail activities, it is and has been the innovative use of diversification and integration strategies that have played an important role in allowing the private rail firm's success.The benefits accrued to a diversification strategy include : 1) the potential to lower subsidies provided by the government ; 2) greater profit potential for operators which may increase the likelihood of private initiative in the provision of urban transportation and may lead to improved quality and quantity of service for users ; 3) enhanced the effective regional developments ; 4) the enhanced use of a mode of transport that is energy efficient, occupies limited space and causes less pollution. The main argument against the utilization of a diversification strategy is the possibility that the benefits to society accrued through diversification strategy may outweigh the costs due to restricted competition.Through this study, we could figure out several valuable insights which give use firm base for future research for market strategy of Japanese private rails and provision of urban public transportation. The study analyzes the in-house diversification strategy of the majors and their group level activity. From this study, we claims that the Japanese model exemplifies a scenario under which railway systems can be privately operated without subsidization and diversification into unregulated areas by the rail operators should be considered acceptable as a way of dealing with the urban transportation problem.

在大多数工业化国家，公共所有权、补贴和运营赤字通常被视为城市公共交通的提供。然而，在日本，许多私营企业提供充足的城市交通，并在没有补贴的情况下盈利。虽然有利的城市结构等因素（人口密集的城市和集中的城市核心）已经提高了铁路活动的盈利能力，它是而且一直是创新性地使用多样化和一体化战略，在使私营铁路公司取得成功方面发挥了重要作用。多样化战略产生的好处包括：1）可能降低政府提供的补贴; 2）运营商的利润潜力更大，这可能会增加私人主动提供城市交通的可能性，并可能导致为用户提供更好的服务质量和数量; 3）加强有效的区域发展; 4）更多地使用能源效率高、占用有限空间和污染较少的交通方式。反对多样化战略的主要论点是，多样化战略给社会带来的收益可能会超过限制竞争带来的成本。通过本研究，我们可以得出一些有价值的见解，为今后研究日本私人铁路的市场战略和城市公共交通的提供奠定坚实的基础。本研究分析了专业内部多元化战略及其群体层面的活动。从这项研究中，我们声称，日本模式证实了一种情况下，铁路系统可以私人经营，而无需补贴和多样化的铁路运营商进入不受管制的地区应该被认为是可以接受的一种方式来处理城市交通问题。