Labor Migration of Highlanders of Northern Thailand : Research on the Mien-Yao's Labor Migration and Its Social Influences

泰北高地人的劳动力迁移:缅瑶族劳动力迁移及其社会影响研究

• 批准号: 08041050
• 负责人: YOSHINO Akira
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Gakugei University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041050/
• 关键词: the Mien-Yao (the Yao); labor migration; highlanders of Thailand; swiddener; logging ban; agricultural change; international labor migration; socio-cultural change; 農業外就労; 労働力移動; ミエン・ヤオ族; ヤオ族; 焼,畑耕作民; 帰村; 農村-都市労働力移動

To understand an overall trend of the labor migration of the Mien-Yao (Yao) in Northern Thailand, we conducted the questionnaire investigation to the village headmen in 76 Yao villages, about half the number of all Yao villages in Thailand at the first phase of the research. We collected data concerning the general conditions such as population, agriculture and other occupations, education, traffic and others, and the situation of labor migration of each village. As a result, we found that there were regional differences in the conditions of labor migration such as jobs, destinations and others. As for overseas labor migration, a lot of regional differences at the province-level and the district-level are large. We found that cases of overseas migration were concentrated in a region around Chiang Kham and Pong districts of Phayao Province and a region of northern part of Chiang Rai Province. On the other hand, there were characteristically few cases of overseas labor migration in Nan P … More rovince.At the second phase of research, we selected twelve villages from among the 76 villages investigated. The twelve villages were classified into three categories ; (1) villages with many overseas and inland labor migrants, (2) villages with many inland labor migrants and (3) villages with relatively few labor migrants. We carried out the household-survey and the interviewing with persons who have worked outside the village and returned in the twelve villages. The complementary investigation was conducted at the third phase of research.The labor migration as a whole has been much increased since 1990. Its main push-factor was the slump of swidden cultivation caused by the environmental change in the hills and by the logging ban policy of the government, and its main pull-factor was the economic boom in East and Southeast Asia (ecological and economic factors). The agricultural change increased the necessity of investigation in cultivation and the increase of nuclear family also acted as a promoting factor of migration. Another factor was their grading-oriented tendency and upward intention that were observed in their ritual and world-view. The tendency was transformed into the competition in building new houses and making fruit orchards. In some region, traditional technique that could be applied in a new occupation also accelerated the inland migration. Education was a large accelerating factor of the inland labor migration. As for the overseas labor migration, the regional information network acts as a promoting factor.The influences of the labor migration were observed in phenomena such as the increase of educational investment, the improvement of female status, the increase of competition in prestige within a village, and the increase of cases of inter-ethnic marriages. Less

为了了解泰国北方缅瑶劳动力迁移的总体趋势，我们对泰国76个瑶族村落的村长进行了问卷调查。我们收集了有关每个村庄的人口、农业和其他职业、教育、交通和其他等一般情况以及劳动力迁移情况的数据。结果发现，劳动力迁移的条件，如工作，目的地和其他地区的差异。在海外劳动力迁移方面，省、区两级的区域差异较大。我们发现，海外移民的情况下，集中在一个地区周围的清康和庞区的法尧省和北方的一部分，清莱省的一个地区。另一方面，南太平洋地区很少有海外劳工移徙的情况。 ...更多信息 rovince。在研究的第二阶段，我们从调查的76个村庄中选择了12个村庄。这12个村庄分为三类：（1）海外和内地劳动力移民较多的村庄，（2）内地劳动力移民较多的村庄，（3）劳动力移民相对较少的村庄。我们进行了入户调查，并对12个村的外出务工人员和返乡人员进行了访谈。在第三阶段的研究中进行了补充调查，从1990年以来，劳动力迁移总体上有了很大的增加。其主要推动因素是山地环境变化和政府的禁伐政策导致的刀耕火种的萧条，其主要拉动因素是东亚和东南亚的经济繁荣（生态和经济因素）。农业的变化增加了调查耕作的必要性，核心家庭的增加也是移民的促进因素。另一个因素是他们在仪式和世界观中观察到的等级倾向和向上的意图。这种趋势转化为建造新房子和建造果园的竞争。在某些地区，可以应用于新职业的传统技术也加速了内陆移民。教育是内地劳动力迁移的一个重要加速因素。在海外劳动力迁移方面，区域信息网络起到了促进作用，其影响表现在教育投资增加、女性地位提高、村内威望竞争加剧、族际通婚增多等现象上。少

项目成果

Yoshino, Akira: "Migration by Swiddeners and Migration by Ancestors, ; The Ethnicity and Migration of the Mien of Northern thailand (In Japanese) ." Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS). vol.35 no.4. 132-152 (1998)

吉野彰：“瑞典人的迁移和祖先的迁移；泰国北部风族的种族和迁移（日语）”。

吉野 晃: "焼畑から出稼ぎへ-タイにおけるミエン・ヤオ族の出稼ぎに関する調査の中間報告-" 東京学芸大学紀要・第三部門・社会科学. 第50集. 81-90 (1999)

吉野晃：“从刀耕火种到农民工——泰国缅瑶农民工调查中期报告”，东京学艺大学学报，社会科学第50卷，81-90。

吉野 晃: "焼畑に伴う移住と祖先の移住-タイのミエン・ヤオ族における移住とエスニシティ-" 東南アジア研究. 35巻4号. 153-170 (1998)

吉野彰：“与刀耕火种耕作有关的迁徙和祖先迁徙——泰国缅瑶族的迁徙和种族”，《东南亚研究》，第 35 卷，第 4 期，153-170（1998 年）。

Yoshino, Akira: "From Swidden to Labor Migration : An Interim Report of a Research on the Labor Migration of the Mien-Yao of Thailand (In Japanese) ." Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, section III,Social Sciences. Vol.50. 81-90 (1999)

吉野彰：“从流动到劳务移民：泰国缅瑶劳务移民研究中期报告（日文）”。

吉野 晃: "焼畑から出稼ぎへ-タイにおけるミエン・ヤオ族の出稼ぎに関する調査の中間報告-" 東京学芸大学紀要・第三部門・社会学科. 第50集. 81-90 (1999)

吉野彰：《从刀耕火种到农民工——泰国缅瑶农民工调查中期报告》，东京学艺大学社会学系第三部学报，1999年第50卷，第81-90期。 ）