Labor Migration and Effects of Remittances and Commodity Enclosures on Industrial Agriculture and Forest Landscapes

这个项目考察了循环劳动力迁移和大规模商品围栏对土地利用、土地覆盖和资源控制的交互影响。循环劳动力迁移和资本流动对世界各地农村生计和景观形成极其重要，因为数百万人和大量资金经常从家到工作地点长距离流动。移民汇款正在向农村地区注入现金，导致当地劳动力制度和家庭积累战略的转变，并导致土地利用和土地覆盖的转变。与此同时，政府和企业投资者为大规模生产农业和森林商品而获得土地，改变了景观构成和农村就业机会。然而，人们对劳动力迁移和商品特许权之间的相互作用知之甚少，包括移民和汇款对种植园内和周围的土地使用和土地覆盖的影响。这项研究融合了政治和土地变化科学的方法，以解决关于劳动力迁移和土地利用变化的生物物理和社会影响的未被充分研究的问题。研究结果将为政府政策、非政府组织援助战略和与经济发展、跨国移民和资源管理有关的机构实践提供信息。这项研究考察了劳动力迁移和大规模商品种植园如何相互作用，并在工业、农业和林业特许权迅速扩大的地区重塑土地覆盖和土地利用变化(LCLUC)的过程。通过将遥感与人种学和其他社会科学方法相结合，评估了(1)大规模特许权如何影响农村地区劳动力迁移的模式和比率，(2)劳动力迁移如何影响家庭劳动力分配和新的资源投资，以及(3)移民汇款带来的资源投资如何在土地利用和覆盖方面产生可衡量的变化。这些目标在四个省份的多个尺度(区、村和户)进行了调查，这些省份存在大规模的土地收购，劳动力迁移是一项重要的家庭生计战略。调查人员与每个地点的当地研究人员合作，并通过年度数据共享、规划和培训研讨会协调努力。

This project examines the interactive effects of circular labor migration and large-scale commodity enclosures on land use, land cover, and resource control. Circular labor migration and the mobility of capital are tremendously important for rural livelihoods and landscape formation around the world as millions of people and substantial funds regularly move long distances between home and work. Migration remittances are infusing cash into rural areas, causing shifts in local labor regimes and household accumulation strategies and generating shifts in land use and land cover. Concurrently, governments and corporate investors acquiring land for large-scale production of agricultural and forest commodities alter landscape composition and rural employment opportunities. Yet, little is known about interactions between labor migration and commodity concessions, including the effects of migration and remittances on land use and land cover in and around plantations. This research merges approaches from political and land change science to tackle understudied questions about the biophysical and social effects of labor migration and land use change. Findings from the research will be informative for government policy, NGO assistance strategies, and institutional practices concerned with economic development, transnational migration, and resource management. The research examines how labor migration and large-scale commodity plantations interact and reshape processes of land cover and land use change (LCLUC) in regions where industrial agriculture and forestry concessions are expanding rapidly. By combining remote sensing with ethnographic and other social science approaches, it assesses (i) how large-scale concessions affect patterns and rates of labor migration from rural areas, (ii) how labor migration influences household labor allocation and new resource investments, and (iii) how resource investments enabled by remittances from migration produce measurable changes in land use and cover. These objectives are investigated at multiple scales (districts, villages, and households) in four provinces where large-scale land acquisitions are present and labor migration is an important household livelihood strategy. The investigators collaborate with local researchers in each site and coordinate efforts through annual data sharing, planning, and training workshops.