A comparative study on the pre-modern societies of East Asia

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This project aims at gaining a new understanding about the relation between the tradition and the future of East Asia societies. For this purpose we have studied of the period of pre-moderntimes ; Ming and Ching China, the Lee Dynasty of Korea, and Tokugawa Japan in comparative perspectives. We newly gained many viewpoints as belows :(1) We have gained deeper understanding about the common features and the differences of the elite class in traditional societies of East Asia ; Chinese Shi-da-fu (***), Korean Yang-ban (**), and Japanese Bu-shi(**).(2) For the deeper grasping of East Asian societies we have tried several studies in comparative perspective, for example, land system and land register system, money and market system, and a rain dance ets..(3) We commonly recognized that traditional systems had much influence upon the response against Western impact in the nineteenth century.