Diagnosis, prevention and epidemiology of rodent-borne zoonoses

1)蜱传脑炎，流行地区分布在北海道南部的4个地区。从600只卵形硬蜱中分离到两株硬蜱脑炎，现场感染率为0.3%(2/600)。从啮齿动物体内分离到两株病毒，一株来自大姬鼠，另一株来自红纹伊蚊。先前从狗身上分离的Oshima毒株具有常见的神经侵袭性毒力。奥地利的疫苗对森林脑炎病毒北海道株有效。2)汉坦病毒感染；利用空泡病毒表达载体系统产生的抗原，建立了诊断汉坦病毒感染的酶联免疫吸附试验。3)QFEVE；通过对伯氏柯克斯体日本分离株16SrRNA的核苷酸序列分析，发现它们由1属1种组成。4)其他人畜共患病；野生啮齿动物感染耶尔森氏菌、沙门氏菌和立克次体斑点热群。

1) Tick-borne encephalitis ; Endemic areas of tick-borne encephalitis were distributed in 4 districs of southern Hokkaido. Two strains of tick-borne encephalitis were isolated from 600 individuals of Ixodes ovatus ticks, giving a field infection rate of 0.3% (2/600). Two strains of the virus were isolated from rodents, one from Apodemus speciosus and another from Clethrionomis rufocanus. Oshima Strain isolated previously from dog showed common neuro-invasive virulence. Vaccine in Austria was effective against Hokkaido strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus.2) Hantavirus infection ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to diagnose the hantavirus infection for laboratory rats by using antigen generated by vaculovirus expression vector system.3) Q feve ; By nucleotide sequence anlysis of 16SrRNA of Coxiella burnetii Japanese isolate, they are found to be composed of one genus and one species.4) Other zoonoses ; Wild rodents were found to be infected with Yersinia, Salmonella and spotted fever group of Rickettia.