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Analysis of Mechanisms in the Interaction Between Aluminum and Silica in Plant and Soil System.

植物和土壤系统中铝和硅相互作用的机制分析。

基本信息

批准号：
08406007
负责人：
TADANO Toshiaki
金额：
$ 15.81万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08406007/
关键词：
Aluminum Silica Aluminum toxicity Alumum-excluding function Alleviating effect of silica for aluminum toxicity Allophanic Andosols Potato common scab Fertilizing method for suppressing potato common scab アルミニウム吸収河川水淡色黒ボク土湿性黒ボク土

项目摘要

(1) Allophanic Andosols, in which soluble silica content was usually high, had a characteristics with a low aluminum concentration, as silica and aluminum formed difficultly soluble precipitation. (2) This phenomena was well reflected to the silca concentration in the river water flowing through the areas where the soils were formed mainly by allophanic Andosols. (3) Growth injury in plants caused by aluminum in acid soils was alleviated by the coexistence of 2 mM silica in the growth media. (4) Mechanisms of the effect of silica on the alleviation of aluminum toxicity was mainly to prevent contact of aluminum on cell surface of roots by the accumulation of a large amount of silica around the root tips. As a result, the aluminum-excluding function of the roots became higher. (5) Melastoma malabathricum grown well in the highly acidic soils required aluminum for the normal growth and the growth was not stimulated by the silica application. This phenomena might be caused by the high alum … More inum requirement of this plant and the decrease of aluminum absorption by the coexistence of silica in the growth media. (6) Potato common scab disease induced by Streptmyces scabies is a serious constraint in the production of potato with good quality in the whole world, as the good method to prevent the occurrence of this disease has not been established. However, it was clarified that growth of Streptmyces scabies was inhibited by a lower concentration of aluminum than that inhibiting potato growth. It has been known that there are conductive soils and suppressive soils for potato scab, but the reason was unknown so far. In this study, it was found that potato common scab occurred easily in the soils such as allophanic Andosols which had a high concentration of silica in the soil solution, thus making aluminum concentration lower. On the contrary, occurrence of potato common scab was low in the soils which had a low concentration of silica, thus making aluminum concentration higher. It was demonstrated that the former was the conductice soil and the latter the suppressive soil. (7) When potato was grown in the conductive soils with a high silica concentration, it was indicated that application of aluminum sulfate together with a fertilizing method, in which nitrogen fertilizer was applied on the row and phosphate and potassium fertilizers are supplied on the soil surface, was effective for suppressing the potato common scab. By employing the fertilizing method described above, a high activity of aluminum in the soil solution around the tuber growing horizon was maintained due to the lower ionic strength in the horizon. Less

(1)硅铝形成难溶沉淀，使可溶性硅含量高的硅铝土具有铝含量低的特点。(2)这一现象在流经以硅化钙土为主的地区的河水中也得到了很好的反映。(3)在生长介质中共存的2 mM的二氧化硅在酸性土壤中铝引起的植物生长损伤减轻。(4)硅对铝毒的缓解作用主要是通过在根尖周围积累大量硅来阻止铝与根细胞表面的接触。结果表明，根系的排铝功能增强。(5)在高酸性土壤中生长良好的Malabathricum需要铝才能正常生长，而二氧化硅的施用对生长没有刺激作用。这种现象可能是由高明矾引起的 ...更多信息该植物的铝需求和硅共存的生长介质中的铝吸收的减少。(6)由疮痂链霉菌（Streptmycesscabies）引起的马铃薯疮痂病严重制约了世界马铃薯的优质生产，目前尚无有效的防治方法。然而，它被澄清，疥疮链霉菌的生长被抑制的铝比抑制马铃薯生长的浓度低。马铃薯疮痂病有传导性土壤和抑制性土壤，但其原因尚不清楚。研究发现，在硅质含量高、铝含量低的土壤中，马铃薯疮痂病易发生。相反，在低硅土壤中，马铃薯疮痂病的发生率低，从而使铝含量较高。结果表明，前者为导土，后者为抑制土。(7)在高硅导电性土壤上种植马铃薯时，采用行施氮肥、表施磷钾肥的施肥方法与硫酸铝配合施用，可有效抑制马铃薯疮痂病的发生。通过采用上述方法，由于块茎生长层中较低的离子强度，在块茎生长层周围的土壤溶液中保持了高活性的铝。少