Phenomenological-Linguistic Approach to the Philosophy of History and Eschatology

我们通过考察现象学和语言学的方法来研究历史和末世论的问题，并通过寻找一个涵盖这两种方法的更高的观点。叙事学可以是更高的观点，我们已经试着把历史和末世论作为叙事来进行一般分析。在进行总体分析的同时，我们还考察了一些专题的特殊问题；基督教的历史和末世论问题，现当代哲学家的观点，以及日本的当代问题。作为总体分析，我们探讨了历史作为一种叙述的特征，即我们通过回顾过去并构建故事来讲述故事的行为。过去存在的概念本身应该通过现象学-语言学的考察来理解。基督教的末世论和历史观本质上也是如何理解现世生活的问题，基督教思想家通过讲述过去和未来的故事来回答这个问题。作为专门研究，康德、柏格森、胡塞尔、列维纳斯的观点得到了考察；日本思想家，如柳田和渡司对这些问题的看法也进行了调查。至于当代问题，临终病人的医疗活动，以及最近关于如何参照上次战争来理解日本历史的争议。

We have investigated the problems of history and eschatology by examining the phenomenological and linguistic approach, and by finding a higher point of view that covers the both way of approach. Narratology could be the higher point of view, and we have tried to show general analysis of history and eschatology as narratives, or narrations. Besides the general analysis, we have also investigated some of special problems on the subjects ; the problem of history and eschatology in Christianity, views of modem and contemporary philosophers, and contemporary problems in Japan.1. As the general analysis, we have investigated into the characteristic of history as a narration, i.e. an act of telling a story which we do by tuming our eyes back to the past and constructing the story. The idea of existence of the past itself should be understood by way of phenomenological-linguistic examination.2. Eschatology and the view of history in Christianity is also essentially the problem of how to understand the present life in this world, which Christian thinkers answers by telling the story of the past and the future.3. As special studies, the views of Kant, Bergson, Husserl, Levinas have been examined ; the views of Japanese thinkers, i.e. Yanagida and Watsuji on the subjects have been also investigated.4. As to contemporary problems, the medical activities for the patients in their terminal stage, as well as the recent controversy concerning how to understand the history of Japan with reference to the last war.