THE MEANING OF RELATIVISM AND THE POSSIBILITY OF PHILOSOPHY OF SUBJEKTIVITY

主体性理论在近代的发展受到各个时期科学认识的明显影响。也就是说，寻求普遍原则的主观主义理论在很大程度上是由所谓的“历史性”决定的。另一方面，“客观”的主张本身也不过是科学家作为特定社会主体的一种假设或要求。尽管科学是由社会欲望驱动的，但它缺乏对自身整体意义的追求，还通过普遍性、统一性和客观性等确定性标准来伪装自己，从而只起到促进相对主义的作用。在主体性理论的发展与相对化现象的关系中可以确认的，是本应寻求绝对确定性的客观认识的科学行为与主体自我认同的试验之间的根本联系。因此，…而且，在先验哲学的各种著作之后，一切被认为是实现科学目标的必要条件的事物，如终极价值、绝对确定性、不可动摇的基础和永恒的原则，都被证明是保证主体行为的工具。“绝对真理”仅仅是作为“观念”的假设，人类的任何理性都不能确切地证实它的存在。这种确认不可避免地会加速相对主义。只要提倡各种“终极价值”，除了准备好迎接没完没了的徒劳争论，或者容忍相互的“相对性”之外，别无他法。这并不一定是说，人类对“思想”的朝圣是没有意义的，因为凭借这些思想来确认一个人的身份的“正当性”是人类的基本本性之一。如果不反复质疑相对主义的含义，问题就不可能得到解决。线索之一应该在对主体性哲学可能性的彻底考察中找到。较少

The development of the subjectivity-theories in modern periods is affected distinctly by the scientific cognizance of each period. That is to say, the very subjectiviy-theory that sought for the universal principles is largely determined by the so-called "historicity". On the other hand, the claim of "Be objective" itself is nothing but a hypothesis or a request of the scientists who are specific social subjects. Although science is driven by the social desires, it lacks the quest for its own overall meaning, and also camouflages itself through the medium of standard for certainty such as universality, uniformity and objectivity, thus only plays the role to promote relativism. What can be confirmed in the relations between the developments of subjectivity-theory and the relativization-phenomena is the fundamental connection between scientific deed which should have been seeking for the absolutely certain-objective cognition and the trial for self-identification of the subject. Therefor … More e, after the various works of the transcendental philosophies, all the matters that had been recognized as the necessities to achieve the goal of science, such as ultimate value, absolute certainty, immovable ground and eternal principle, have been proved to be nothing but apparatus, which guarantee the deed of the subject. "Absolute truth" is merely the postulate as "idea" which no human reason can confirm its existence in precise sense. It is inevitable that this kind of confirmation accelerates relativism. As long as various "ultimate values" are advocated, there is no other way than to be either ready for endless-unproductive debates or tolerant for the mutual "relativity". This does not necessarily say that the human pilgrimage for "ideas" is meaningless, because it is one of the fundamental human natures to confirm the "justifiability" of one's identity by virtue of these ideas. The problem cannot be solved without questioning the meaing of relativism repeatingly. One of the clues should be found in the thorough investigation into the possibilities of the philosophy of subjectivity. Less