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Research on the Effects of Pre-occupancy Ventilation upon the Improvement of Indoor Air Quality

入住前通风对室内空气质量改善效果的研究

基本信息

批准号：
08455274
负责人：
KIMURA Ken-ichi
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Building materials used indoors usually emit volatile organic compounds (VOC) and formaldehyde into the interior space. It has been known that the emission rate decayed with the time after the material was exposed to the space. Since the concentrations of air pollutants are very high when buildings are newly constructed, "preoccupancy ventilation" is sometimes used for reducing the pollution level. The purpose of this study is to consider the validity of the pre-occupancy ventilation.A field study on indoor air quality in detached houses in Kagoshima City was conducted. The formaldehyde concentrations were lower than 0.08 ppm that was the maximum acceptable level of WHO.On the other hand, the TVOC (total volatile organic compounds) concentrations were higher than 0.3 mg/rm^3 of WHO target value.Small scale chambers have been used to develop the emission rate data of VOCs and formaldehyde. These tests involve placing samples in the chambers and measured concentrations of pollutants at various times. The concentration versus time data is used to determine the parameters of emission rate models.The double exponential decay model proposed by Chang and Guo was an appropriate method for fitting to the VOCs concentration data emitted from polyurethane. The constant emission and double exponential decay model was proposed for formaldehyde emission from lauan plywood.The higher the temperature, the greater the emission rate of free formaldehyde from the lauan plywood. The bakeout method was effective to expedite the free formaldehyde emission and to reduce a free amount of formaldehyde in the lauan plywood.In order to determine the validity of the pre-occupancy ventilation, the emission mechanism should be understood. It is recommended to develop the emission model for various chemical pollutants.

室内使用的建筑材料通常会向室内空间释放挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和甲醛。已经知道，材料暴露于空间后，发射率随时间衰减。由于新建筑物的空气污染物浓度很高，有时会使用“入住前通风”来降低污染水平。本研究以鹿儿岛市独立式住宅为研究对象，对室内空气品质进行了实地调查。甲醛浓度低于世界卫生组织（WHO）规定的最高可接受水平0.08 ppm，而总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）浓度高于WHO规定的0.3 mg/rm^3。这些测试包括将样品放入室内，并在不同时间测量污染物的浓度。利用浓度-时间数据确定排放速率模型的参数，Chang和Guo提出的双指数衰减模型是拟合聚氨酯挥发性有机化合物浓度数据的较好方法。研究表明，人造板中游离甲醛的释放量符合恒定释放双指数衰减模型，温度越高，游离甲醛的释放速率越大。烘烤法能有效地促进甲醛释放，降低胶合板中游离甲醛的含量，因此，要确定使用前通风的有效性，必须了解其释放机理。建议建立各种化学污染物的排放模型。