Dairy Farming in Liberalized Economy and Production Quota Allotment.

1)西欧以市场为导向的牛奶配额买卖分配加速了生产向高效农场的集中和低生产率农场的退出。因此，牛奶的平均生产成本降低了。如果采用这种方法，日本也会出现同样的结构性变化。2)实地访谈在群马县进行，群马县是大城市的饮用奶供应地区，而北海道则是偏远的供应地区。以个人决策为基础的牛奶配额买卖在群马县占主导地位，在北海道以社区共识为基础。然而，在这两个地区，奶牛场之间的非正式相互依赖是配额交易的一个重要因素。换句话说，现实是基于社区依赖的交易。其次，短期租赁作为牛奶配额交易的过渡形式是一种有效的方式。此外，买卖配额在农业合作社发起和推广这一制度的地区往往更受欢迎。3)营销单元的地域扩张（即所谓的区域封锁）是供给侧合理的营销策略之一，目的是提高农业合作社的供应控制管理水平。然而，由于联合会的组织和活动是纵向的，因此，全国供应控制中的全国联合会规则并没有达到预期的效果。(4)应改进现有的限制单产奶使用、集收价的合作奶营销模式。另一方面，应引入配额分配区域补偿、远期合同产销机制。还建议将主要合作社改组为牛奶销售委员会。因此，本研究设想了“日本式牛奶配额交易制度”。

1) Market oriented buy-and-sell allotment of milk quota in Western Europe accelerated the production concentration on efficient farms and low productivity farms' dropout. As a result, the average production cost of milk was reduced. The same structural changes are preconceived in Japan if such method is generated.2) The Field interviews were executed in Gunma, a drinking milk supply region to metropolitan area, and the remote supply region, Hokkaido. Individual decision based buy-and-sell of milk quota is predominant in Gunma and community consensus responsive in Hokkaido. However, in both regions, informal mutual dependence among dairymen is an important factor for quota transaction. In other words, reality was community reliance based transaction. Secon, it turned out that short-term lease is an effective way as a transitional form for the transaction of milk quota. In addition, buy-and-sell quota tends to be more popular in the regions where Agr.Coops.are playing rule for the initiation and promotion of this.3) Geographical expansion of marketing unit (so-called the Regional Blocking) is one of rational supply side marketing strategies in order to improve supply control management of Agr.Coops.However, the rule of national federation in nationwide supply control is not so effective enough as was expected since the organization and activities of the federation are of the vertical structure.4) Present cooperative milk marketing, in which usage of row milk are restricted and farm received price is pooled, should be improved. On the other hand, regional compensation for quota allotment, forward contract based production and marketing should be introduced. Rerganization prevailing cooperatives to Milk marketing Board is also suggested. Thus, this study envisaged "Japanese type milk quota transaciton system"