X-ray CCD for spectroscopy and polarization in space

用于空间光谱和偏振的 X 射线 CCD

• 批准号: 08504001
• 负责人: KOYAMA Katsuji
• 金额: $ 44.61万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08504001/
• 关键词: X-ray CCD; Radiation damage; Space; SSD; Detector

The present decade is opening new frontiers in high energy astrophysics. After the X-ray satellites in the 1980's, several satellites are or will soon be simultaneously in orbit offering spectacular advances in X-ray imaging at low energiesm, as well as at high energies, in spectroscopy with increased bandwidth , and in timing. These allow us to study X-ray atomic radiation from hot plasmas (thermal X-rays) and/or high energy electrons (non-thermal X-rays). The key issue is how to separately observe the thermal and non-thermal X-rays. One typical example is found with ASCA.We discovered synchrotron X-ray emission emitted by very high energy charged particles in some supernova remnants. Subsequent observations by a Cherenkov telescope, CANGAROO, detected very high energy gamma-rays in the TeV range from one of the supernova remnants. These discoveries are clear evidences for the shock waves of the supernova remnants to be the origin of the cosmic rays.For further development to separate … More ly observe the thermal and non-thermal X-rays , we have planed to develop the technology of direct detection of X-ray polaization, coupled with imaging and spectroscopic capabilities. We have already demonstrated that a small pixel size CCD has these potentialities. We thus intended to develop small pixel size and thick depletion layer CCDs. The second requirement is also essential, because non-thermal X-rays are usually extending up to high energies.The items and results of our study are ;(1) We have made thick layer CCDs and developed the signal processing method to reduce the read-out noises.(2) We are developing 8-micron pixel CCDs to increase analizing power for the polarized X-rays(3) Since small pixel CCDs require high read-out logic, we have developed this technology(4) All above technologies are space-qualified by many environmental tests. In particular, we have studied and developed the radiation-damage-in-space and its restoration technique.(5) In parallel with these technology innovations, we have made many astrophysical studies using X-ray CCDs onboard the ASCA satellite. Less

本十年正在开辟高能天体物理学的新领域。继1980年代S的X射线卫星之后，几颗卫星正在或即将同时进入轨道，在低能和高能X射线成像、带宽增加的光谱和定时方面都取得了惊人的进步。这使我们能够研究热等离子体(热X射线)和/或高能电子(非热X射线)的X射线原子辐射。关键问题是如何分别观测热X射线和非热X射线。一个典型的例子是ASCA。我们在一些超新星遗迹中发现了由非常高能的带电粒子发出的同步辐射X射线。随后由切伦科夫望远镜CanGaroo进行的观测，在TeV范围内探测到了超新星遗迹之一发出的非常高能量的伽马射线。这些发现清楚地证明了超新星残骸的冲击波是宇宙射线的起源。为了进一步分离…为了更多地观察热和非热X射线，我们计划开发直接探测X射线偏振的技术，并结合成像和光谱能力。我们已经证明了小像素尺寸的电荷耦合器件具有这些潜力。因此，我们打算开发小像素尺寸和厚耗尽层的CCDs。第二个要求也是必不可少的，因为非热X射线通常延伸到高能。我们的研究项目和结果是：(1)我们制作了厚层CCDs，并开发了信号处理方法来降低读出噪声。(2)我们正在开发8微米像素CCDs，以增加偏振X射线的分析能力。(3)由于小像素CCDs需要高读出逻辑，我们开发了这项技术。(4)上述技术都通过了许多环境测试。特别是对空间辐射损伤及其修复技术进行了研究和发展。(5)在这些技术创新的同时，我们利用ASCA卫星上的X射线CCDs进行了许多天体物理研究。较少

项目成果

M.Nishiuchi: "Hard X-Ray Response of the Proto Type CCD Camera (XIS) for Astro-E" SPIE's 43rd Annual Meeting(1998),,EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-RayInstrumentation for Astronomy VIII(sd09). (1998)

M.Nishiuchi：“Astro-E 原型 CCD 相机 (XIS) 的硬 X 射线响应”SPIE 第 43 届年会（1998 年），天文学 VIII 的 EUV、X 射线和伽马射线仪器（sd09）。

J.W.Keohane: "A Possible Site of Cosmic Ray Acceleration in the Supernova Remnant IC443" Astrophys.J.484. 350-359 (1997)

J.W.Keohane：“超新星遗迹 IC443 中宇宙射线加速的可能位置”Astrophys.J.484。

L.Carkner,et al.: "X-Ray Emitting T-Tau i Stars in the L1551 Cloud" Astrophys.J.464. 286-305 (1996)

L.Carkner 等人：“L1551 云中的 X 射线发射 T-Tau i 恒星”Astrophys.J.464。

K.A.Weavwer,et al.: "Iron Ka Evidence for Two X-Ray Reprocesors in MCG-5-23-16" Astrophys.J.474. 675-685 (1997)

K.A.Weavwer 等人：“MCG-5-23-16 中两个 X 射线还原机的铁 Ka 证据”Astrophys.J.474。

T.G.Tsuru: "Cround Calibration of X-ray CCD Camera XIS onboard ASTRO-E" 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Broad Band X-Ray Spectra of Cosmic Sources, {3445-27}. (1998)

T.G.Tsuru：“ASTRO-E 上 X 射线 CCD 相机 XIS 的地面校准”第 32 届 COSPAR 科学大会，宇宙源宽带 X 射线光谱，{3445-27}。