DEVELOPMENT OF TWO-PHASE FERMENTER FOR ANAEROBIC METHANE FERMENTATION OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES.

为了建立高效的食品和农业废弃物中高浓度有机污染物的废水处理系统，研制了一种两相甲烷发酵罐进行厌氧处理。建立了一个由好氧和厌氧发酵废水处理技术和利用两相发酵罐产生的高浓度甲烷气体的沼气能源组成的总系统。在间歇式连续培养和恒化连续培养两种类型下，进行了不同条件下的发酵试验。利用烧酒蒸馏水对发酵速率、甲烷菌浓度、底物浓度、甲烷菌产率等进行了测定。通过实验得出了两相发酵罐设计的一些重要因素。研究结果总结如下：1 .第一期酸菌的HRT还原率为-0.63 ~ 0.48（1/天）。2. 在HRT 10 d时COD去除率达到82%，在HRT 7.9 d时COD去除率系数K达到最大值。3. 在输入COD为10,000 ppm时，在HRT14.4 h时，酸菌的产率达到最大值，在HRT11.4 h时，酸菌被淘汰。4. 在HRT6.9 d时，甲烷细菌的产率达到最大值，在HRT4.6 d时，甲烷细菌被淘汰。研究发现，与常规发酵罐相比，两相发酵罐可降低约50%的HRT。5. 在发酵速率点，酸与甲烷的发酵罐体积比为1:9。为了保持厌氧发酵的稳定性和提高厌氧发酵的效率，研制了一种用于重乳化型蒸馏废水的网状离心固液分离器。蒸馏水废水中的甘薯纤维被很好地去除，几个小时后，剩余的废水很容易与固体和液体分离。液体COD降低20%。同时，对厌氧处理后的消化废水进行了好氧处理试验。24小时的好氧处理，COD去除率可达90%以上。显然，使用两相发酵罐的厌氧处理系统对于高浓度有机废物的处理是可行的，并且所产生的含有高比例甲烷气体的沼气可以用作替代清洁能源来抵消工厂的能源需求。少

In order to establish a high efficient waste water treatment system for high concentration of organic pollutants in food and agricultural wastes, a two-phase methane fermenter was developed for anaerobic treatment. A total system which consists of waste water treatment technique using aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and utilization of biogas energy contained high concentration of methane gas generated from two-phase fermenter was established.In a both of batch and chemostat continuous culture types, fermentation test was carried out on the various conditions. Fermenting rate, concentrations of methane bacteria and substrate, productivity of methane bacteria and so on were estimated using "shochu" distilled waste water. Some important factors for design of the two-phase fermenter was obtained in this experiment. These results were summarized as follows ; l. Acid bacteria in the first phase was washed out between -0.63 and 0.48 (1/day) of HRT reduction rate. 2. Maximum removal rate of … More COD was 82% at HRT 10 days and coefficient of COD removal rate, K was maximal at HRT 7.9 days. 3. The productivity of acid bacteria was showed maximum at HRT14.4 hours and acid bacteria was washed out at HRT11.4 hours on the input loading COD of l0,000ppm. 4. The productivity of methane bacteria was showed maximum value at HRT6.9 days and methane bacteria was washed out at HRT4.6 days. It was found that the two-phase fermenter could reduced approximately 50 percent of HRT comparing with a regular fermenter. 5. It was also found that ratio of acid and methane fermenter volume was 1 : 9 at the point of fermenting rate.In order to keep stable and modify efficiency of anaerobic fermentation, a meshed centrifugal type of solid-liquid separator was developed for heavy emulsion type of distilled waste water. Fiber of sweet potato in distilled waste water was perfectly removed and the remained waste water was easily separated with solid and liquid after a few hours. COD of liquid was reduced 20 percent. At the same time, aerobic treatment was tested using digestive waste water from anaerobic treatment. More than 90 percent of COD could be removed by 24 hours aerobic treatment.It was clear that an anaerobic treatment system using two phase fermenter is practical for the disposal of high concentrated organic waste, and the produced biogas containing a high percentage of methane gas could be used as an alternative clean energy source to offset energy requirements of the plant. Less