Development of agricultural organic waste treatment system for minimizing the pollution of the environment

为了减少农业对环境的污染，提出了一种有机废物全处理系统。研究的目的是开发各种废物处理技术，构建可持续的资源系统。该系统由固体废物的固体甲烷发酵、固体废物的两相液体甲烷发酵、液体甲烷发酵后的电解、固体甲烷发酵残渣的碳化和沼气的利用组成。以猪粪和日本传统白酒渣烧酒渣作为九州南部地区的代表性废弃物。在固体和液体甲烷发酵中，通过间歇式实验发现了这些废物厌氧发酵的基本特性。研制了小型试验机，并在连续试验中确定了最佳甲烷发酵条件。在电解处理中，用纯物质如蛋白和蔗糖来测定其基本性质。在小型试验条件下，对猪粪和烧酒粪的电解条件进行了研究。结果表明，电解法对废水除臭、脱色和脱氮均有较好的效果。在炭化过程中，分别在400℃、600℃和800℃下对木屑、猪粪、垃圾等进行炭化，并在不同条件下实验制备硬质合金板。找到了建筑屋顶绿化材料碳化物板的最佳碳化方式。在沼气利用中，采用人工沼气和废油对沼气柴油机的基本性能进行了测定。发现发动机的性能达到了与石油燃料相同的水平，从而找到了将这些元素技术结合起来构建农业有机废弃物可持续资源化系统的可能性。

In order to reduce an environmental pollution for agriculture, a total organic waste treatment system was proposed. The aim of the research is to develop various waste treatment techniques and construct a sustainable resource system. The system consists of solid methane fermentation for solid waste, two-phase liquid methane fermentation for surly waste, electrolysis after liquid methane fermentation, carbonization for solid methane fermentation residue and utilization of biogas. Pig waste and Shochu waste which is residue of a traditional Japanese white distilled liquor were used as representative wastes of south Kyushu area. In the solid and liquid methane fermentation, basic properties of anaerobic fermentation for these wastes were found in batch experiments. Trail machines were manufactured in small scale and the optimum methane fermentation conditions were determined in continuance experiments. In the electrolysis treatment, basic properties were measured using pure materials as albumen and sucrose. Trail machine was manufactured in small scale and optimum electrolysis conditions was found for pig and shochu waste. It was found that the electrolysis treatment was simultaneously effective for deodorization, bleaching and removing nitrogen in the waste. In the carbonization, wood waste, pig waste and garbage etc. were carbonized at 400, 600 and 800 ℃ and carbide board was experimentally manufactured under the various conditions. The optimum carbonization of carbide board was found for greening material on the rooftop of building. In the utilization of biogas, basic properties of biogas diesel engine was measured using artificial biogas and used cooking oil. It was found that the performance of the engine was achieved as same as petroleum fuel Therefore, it found the possibility to construct sustainable resource system for agricultural organic waste through combining these element techniques.