Development of MPHA kit for detecting antiplatelet antibodies.

已知血小板异体抗原与新生儿同种免疫血小板减少症（NAIT）、输血后紫癜（PTP）和血小板输血难耐（PTR）有关。到目前为止，还没有一种简单而灵敏的方法来检测这些血小板异体抗原的抗体。我们（日本血小板血清学参考实验室）利用MPHA（混合被动血凝）分析日本NAIT病例，确认40例存在血小板抗体。17年前，我们开发了MPHA检测抗血小板抗体的方法。然而，该方法难以长期保存血小板抗原，这是该方法不适合常规使用的一个重大缺陷。我们改进了方法；血小板浓缩物提取的可溶性部分用于血小板抗原。这些改进使我们能够使用MPHA试剂盒进行常规筛查。目前，MPHA试剂盒可检测抗hpa -la、-2a、-2b、-3a、-3b、-4a、-4b、-5a、-5b、-6b和抗nak ^a抗体。其中抗hpa -2b、-3a、-4b、-5b、-6b和抗nak ^a抗体在日本人中尤为重要。

Platelet alloantigens are known to be involved in neonatal alloimmune thrombo-cytopenia (NAIT), post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). Thus far there has been no simple and sensitive method for detecting the antibodies to these platelet alloantigens.Using MPHA (mixed passive hemagglutination), we (Japanese platelet serology reference laboratory) analyzed NAIT cases among Japanese and confirmed the presence of the platelet antibodies in 40 cases.Seventeen years ago, we developed MPHA method for detecting antiplatelet antibodies. However it was difficult to keep platelet antigens for a long time, a significant fault making the method inappropriate for routine use.We have improved the method ; soluble fraction extracted from platelet concentrate was used for platelet antigens.Thses improvements allow us to use the MPHA kit for routine screening. At present, the MPHA kit can detect the following antibodies : anti-HPA-la, -2a, -2b, -3a, -3b, -4a, -4b, -5a, -5b, -6b, and anti-Nak^a antibodies. Among them, anti-HPA-2b, -3a, -4b, -5b, -6b and anti-Nak^a antibodies are particularly important among Japanese.