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Animal studies on the meta choice behavior under uncertainty

不确定性下元选择行为的动物研究

基本信息

批准号：
08610094
负责人：
SAKAGAMI Takayuki
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08610094/
关键词：
meta choice concurrent-chains schedule multiple-chains schedule resistance to change delayd reinforcement free versus forced choice Stubbs & Pliskoff method uncertainty 並立連鎖強化スケジュール選好デンショバト多元連鎖強化スケジュール

项目摘要

A "meta" choice is a choice between two choice situations, each of which are consisted of some alternatives. The "free" versus "forced" choice experiment is one of appropriate examples of the meta choice. In such an experiment, subjects choose one of two situations in the first stage, then they choose one of multiple alternatives in the free choice situation or choose forcefully single alternative in the forced choice situation in the second stage. Responses to any alternatives result to the same outcomes. In Project 1, we used the concurrent-chains schedule for testing this type of the meta choice in four pigeons in 1996. Although previous results predicted that pigeons preferred the free to the forced side in the usual settings but not preferred the free side in some settings under delayd reinforcement, we could not find such consistent preference even in the delayd reinforcement condition and in the condition which added the extinction schedule to one of alternatives in the free choice situation. We elaborated our procedures in 1997, such as application of Stubbs & Pliskoff method, and used probabilistic reinforcement instead of delayd reinforcement. Seven pigeons preferred the free side a little if the reinforcement probability (Pr) was one, but showed no consistent preference if Pr was not one. They showed risk averse when Pr of one alternative in the free choice situation partly decreased. In Project 2, we tried to evaluate "resistance to change" as a new measure of preference between alternatives. Compared the concurrent-chains schedule to the multiple-chains schedule, both were consisted of FI and VI with same interval values, we observed higher response rate and stronger resistance to change in VI only in the latter schedule.

“元”选择是在两种选择情境中做出的选择，每一种情境都包含一些选择。“自由”与“强制”选择实验是元选择的恰当例子之一。在该实验中，受试者在第一阶段从两种情况中选择一种，然后在第二阶段的自由选择情况下从多个选择中选择一个，或者在强迫选择情况下选择强制单一选择。对任何替代方案的响应都会导致相同的结果。在项目1中，我们在1996年使用并发链计划在四只鸽子中测试这种类型的元选择。虽然以往的研究结果预测，在延迟强化条件下，鸽子在通常情况下偏好自由侧而不是强制侧，但在延迟强化条件下和在自由选择条件下增加灭绝计划的情况下，我们都没有发现这种一致的偏好。我们在1997年详细阐述了我们的程序，例如应用Stubbs & Pliskoff方法，并使用概率强化代替延迟强化。当强化概率（Pr）为1时，7只鸽子对自由侧有轻微的偏好，但当Pr为非1时，没有表现出一致的偏好。在自由选择的情况下，当一种选择的Pr部分降低时，他们表现出风险厌恶。在项目2中，我们试图评估“对变化的抵抗力”，将其作为替代方案之间偏好的新度量。同时链调度与多链调度相比，都是由相同间隔值的FI和VI组成，我们观察到只有后一种调度的响应率更高，对VI变化的抵抗力更强。