Animal studies on the meta choice behavior under uncertainty

不确定性下元选择行为的动物研究

基本信息

批准号：
08610094
负责人：
SAKAGAMI Takayuki
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08610094/
关键词：
meta choice concurrent-chains schedule multiple-chains schedule resistance to change delayd reinforcement free versus forced choice Stubbs & Pliskoff method uncertainty 並立連鎖強化スケジュール選好デンショバト多元連鎖強化スケジュール

项目摘要

A "meta" choice is a choice between two choice situations, each of which are consisted of some alternatives. The "free" versus "forced" choice experiment is one of appropriate examples of the meta choice. In such an experiment, subjects choose one of two situations in the first stage, then they choose one of multiple alternatives in the free choice situation or choose forcefully single alternative in the forced choice situation in the second stage. Responses to any alternatives result to the same outcomes. In Project 1, we used the concurrent-chains schedule for testing this type of the meta choice in four pigeons in 1996. Although previous results predicted that pigeons preferred the free to the forced side in the usual settings but not preferred the free side in some settings under delayd reinforcement, we could not find such consistent preference even in the delayd reinforcement condition and in the condition which added the extinction schedule to one of alternatives in the free choice situation. We elaborated our procedures in 1997, such as application of Stubbs & Pliskoff method, and used probabilistic reinforcement instead of delayd reinforcement. Seven pigeons preferred the free side a little if the reinforcement probability (Pr) was one, but showed no consistent preference if Pr was not one. They showed risk averse when Pr of one alternative in the free choice situation partly decreased. In Project 2, we tried to evaluate "resistance to change" as a new measure of preference between alternatives. Compared the concurrent-chains schedule to the multiple-chains schedule, both were consisted of FI and VI with same interval values, we observed higher response rate and stronger resistance to change in VI only in the latter schedule.

“元”选择是两种选择情况之间的选择，每种情况都由一些替代方案组成。 “自由”强迫选择实验是元选择的适当示例之一。在这样的实验中，受试者在第一阶段选择两种情况之一，然后在自由选择情况下选择多种选择之一，或者在第二阶段的强制选择情况下有力地选择单一替代方案。对任何替代方案的响应都会导致相同的结果。在项目1中，我们使用并发链时间表在1996年在四只鸽子中测试这种类型的元选择。尽管先前的结果预测，鸽子更喜欢在通常的情况下自由地偏向于强迫一侧，但在某些情况下不希望在某些情况下进行自由方面，但在延迟的强化下，我们无法在延迟的情况下进行延迟的范围，并且在某种程度上又有了延误的偏好，以至于在某种程度上加强了替代方案，并且在进一步的情况下又有了进一步的进取。我们在1997年详细阐述了我们的程序，例如使用Stubbs＆Pliskoff方法，并使用了概率增强而不是延迟增强。如果增强概率（PR）是一个，则七只鸽子更喜欢自由侧，但如果PR不是一个，则不会显示一致的偏好。当自由选择情况下一种替代方案的PR部分下降时，他们表现出风险。在项目2中，我们试图评估“抵抗力变化”，以作为替代方案之间偏好的新量度。将并发链的时间表与多链计划进行了比较，两者均由FI和VI组成，并以相同的间隔值组成，我们观察到较高的响应率和仅在后一个时间表中对VI变化的阻力更强。