Studies on dynamic process of contingency on choice behavior

选择行为的偶然性动态过程研究

• 批准号: 10610083
• 负责人: SAKAGAMI Takayuki
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Keio University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610083/
• 关键词: prediction game task; inter-trial interval; mixed strategy; concurrent VI VI; resistance to change; human; pigeons; rats; 試行間間隔; 予告刺激; チキンのジレンマ; ゲーム; 選択行動; 動的変容過程; TFT方略

We decided on the following two topics in our behavioral research of game situations. Both topics focus on the dynamic processes of choice behavior in game situations: 1) Methodological and theoretical considerations of games in animal learning research. 2) Identification of variables that control choice behavior in game situations.We devised (or critically analysed) the Prediction Game Task (PGT) and showed that it involves parts of various experimental procedures, such as the concurrent chains schedule of reinforcement and the delayed matching-to-sample procedure with different outcomes. We also reviewed quantitative models in behavior analysis and related fields and examined several models that are appropriate for the simulation of choice behavior in game situations.PGT is a procedure that consists of five successive events: (1) a predictive stimulus, (2) a choice response, (3) an informative stimulus, (4) required responses for obtaining reinforcers, and (5) reinforcers. Coincidenc … More e vs. non-coincidence between a predictive and an informative stimulus represents a cooperative vs. defect move of an experimenter (an environment) side, but coincidence vs. non-coincidence between a predictive stimulus and a choice response represents a cooperative vs. defect move of a subject side. According to a payoff matrix that characterizes a game situation, combinations of two moves determine the number of responses required to receive a reinforcer. Under a series of experiments that adopted "the chicken dilemma" as a payoff matrix, rats showed strong position preference and their behavior was not modified by time-out and correction method, prolonged inter-trial intervals, and shortened intervals between a choice response and the onset of an informative stimulus. Human subjects, on the other hand, followed the choice-distribution ratio of the experimenter side if there were no predictive stimuli, and followed the ratio of the predictive stimuli if they were introduced. Their behavior, however, depended on the information reliability correlated with these stimuli.In our studies on resistance to change (RC), which is an another measure of preference and its dynamic process in a choice situation, pigeons showed higher RC during an alternative that produced higher reinforcement rate when their responding was disrupted by prefeeding, but not when it was disrupted by extinction that followed an exposure to a concurrent VI VI schedule. But in both the prefeeding and extinction procedures, no differences in choice proportion were obtained between baseline training and response disrupting operation. Less

我们在游戏情境的行为研究中决定了以下两个主题。这两个主题都集中在游戏情境中选择行为的动态过程：1)动物学习研究中游戏的方法论和理论考虑。2)识别控制博弈情境中选择行为的变量。我们设计(或批判性地分析)了预测游戏任务(PGT)，结果表明它涉及不同实验步骤的一部分，如强化的并行链调度和延迟匹配到样本的过程。我们还回顾了行为分析和相关领域的定量模型，并考察了几个适合于模拟游戏情景中选择行为的模型。PGT是一个由五个连续事件组成的过程：(1)预测性刺激，(2)选择反应，(3)信息性刺激，(4)获得增强剂所需的反应，(5)增强剂。康西登克…预测性刺激和信息性刺激之间的更多e与非重合表示实验者(环境)一侧的合作与缺陷移动，但预测性刺激与选择反应之间的重合与非重合表示受试者一侧的合作与缺陷移动。根据描述游戏情况的支付矩阵，两步棋的组合决定了接受增援所需的反应次数。在一系列采用“鸡的困境”作为回报矩阵的实验中，大鼠表现出强烈的位置偏好，它们的行为没有被超时和纠正方法改变，延长了试验间隔，缩短了从选择反应到信息刺激开始的间隔。另一方面，如果没有预测性刺激，人类受试者遵循实验者一侧的选择-分配比率，如果引入预测性刺激，则遵循预测性刺激的比率。然而，鸽子的行为取决于与这些刺激相关的信息可靠性。在我们对变化抵抗力(RC)的研究中，这是另一种衡量偏好的指标及其在选择情景下的动态过程，当鸽子的反应被预先摄食扰乱时，鸽子表现出更高的RC，但当它们的反应被同时进行的VI时间表扰乱后，当它被灭绝打乱时，它们表现出更高的RC。但在预摄食和消退过程中，基线训练和反应干扰操作之间的选择比例没有差异。较少

项目成果

Sakagami, T.: "Development of stuudes in choice behavior : Approach from game theory"Proceedings of the 62nd annual convention of Japanese Psychological Association. s67. (1998)

Sakagami, T.：“选择行为研究的发展：博弈论方法”第 62 届日本心理学会年会论文集。

神谷直樹、坂上貴之: "行動の数理モデルとシミュレーション"慶應義塾大学大学院社会学研究科紀要. 48号. 1-22 (1998)

Naoki Kamiya、Takayuki Sakagami：“行为的数学模型和模拟”庆应义塾大学社会学研究生院通报 48, 1-22 (1998)。

Sakagami, T.: "Quantitative analysis in research of animal behavior : Schedule of reinforcement and quantitative analysis of behavior."Proceedings of the 62nd annual convention of Japanese Psychological Association. s9. (1998)

Sakagami, T.：“动物行为研究中的定量分析：强化时间表和行为定量分析。”日本心理学会第 62 届年会论文集。

Kamiya, N. and Sakagami, T.: "Mathematical model of behavior and simulation"Studies in Sociology, Psychology, and Education. No.48. 1-22 (1998)

Kamiya, N. 和 Sakagami, T.：“行为和模拟的数学模型”社会学、心理学和教育研究。

Sakagami, T, and Minekawa, T.: "Choice behavior under game simulatedsituation in rats"Proceedings of the 62nd annual convention of Japanese Psychological Association. 767 (1998)

Sakagami, T 和 Minekawa, T.：“大鼠游戏模拟情境下的选择行为”第 62 届日本心理学会年会论文集。