A longitudinal study of the psychological influence of the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake (JAPAN) to elementary school children and junior high school students.

本研究的目的是考察1995年日本阪神-Awaji地震对小学生和初中生的心理影响。1.本次纵向调查于1996年3月至1996年7月、1996年10月至1996年3月、1997年3月至1997年10月、1998年2月至1998年对同一样本进行了6次。使用包含创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、生活压力、应对方式和社会支持的问卷进行评估。主要研究结果如下：(1)每次调查发现，小学三、四年级儿童PTSD倾向分别为22.9%、17.0%、10.8%、9.7%，小学五、六年级分别为6.4%、4.4%、6.6%，初中生分别为8.8%、8.6%、4.8%、3.8%。创伤后应激障碍倾向随时间推移呈下降趋势，随年龄增长比例升高。儿童和学生的创伤后应激障碍倾向更多地与房屋半毁有关，而家长倾向于房屋全毁。(2)父母的社会支持能有效地减轻患者的压力。但是，受灾困扰的父母如何对待自己的孩子，却一直没有改变。2.此外，本研究还采用电话咨询和问卷记录的方式对同一样本进行临床调查。一些病例是在电话咨询中收到的，这是他们对孩子发育问题的抱怨。3.地震对学生的心理影响有所减轻，但部分儿童和学生已有创伤后应激障碍倾向，仍需个体化治疗。

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological influence of the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake (JAPAN) to elementary school children and junior high school students. 1. This longitudinal investigation was administered six times in March -1996, July -1996, October-1996, March-1997, October-1997, February-1998 to same sample. Assessment was made using a questionnaire containing items of PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder), life stresses, its coping style and social supports. The main results were as follows : (1) The PTSD tendency was found 22.9%, 17.0%, 10.8%, 9.7% in elementary school 3rd and 4th grade children, 6.4%, 4.4%, 6.6% in elementary school 5th and 6th grade children, and 8.8%, 8.6%, 4.8%, 3.8% in junior high school students every investigation. The PTSD tendency was decreased as time passed and were found higher percentage as age was smaller. The PTSD tendency of children and students was more related to house half-destroyed, but parents' tendency house all-destroyed. (2) Social supports which decreased the disater stress effectively was parents' one. But, how parents who were disturbed by suffering disaster treat their children was remained. 2. Otherwise, this study adoministered clinical investigations to same sample by telephone-counseling and notes on questionnaire. Some cases were received in telephone-counseling which were percents' clamings about their children's developmental problems. 3. Finally, the psychological influence of the earthquake was decresed, but some children and students has had PTSD tendency, so individual treatment was needed still.