Research on Emergency Planning of Local Governments after Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake

本研究旨在探讨地方政府在灾害信息传播系统的准备情况。研究结果可归纳为：（1）地（市）级备灾措施;（2）媒体的使用（包括新媒体）、（3）为居民提供生活信息、（4）对灾害薄弱者的考虑、（5）对居民行为的期望（6）规划一站式灾民中心，（7）跨组织协调。大多数市政机关没有改进关于媒体使用的计划。他们主要依靠无线公共广播系统，公共广播汽车或警报器。研究表明，如果某个地方发生灾害，严重的信息缺失将再次出现.而人口规模大的城市则倾向于在重建时期详细完善生活信息的传播计划。尽管如此，他们也害怕在他们的居民中发生恐慌或谣言。根据两年前计划的防灾基本保护计划（Bosai Kihon Keikaku）的新概念，只有2.5%的居民已经配备了居民信息中心（Chiki Joho站）。此外，他们用现有的设备（无线公共广播系统，学校，公共霍尔斯等）取代他们的“中心”。大约一半的居民回答说，他们希望他们的一些领导人在与他们的办公室沟通中发挥重要作用。但是他们也没有把训练付诸实践，使他们的期望成为现实。这些结果导致的结论是，几乎日本的城市没有改善他们的应急管理计划，为他们的居民。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the local governments' preparedness of the dissemination systems of disaster informations. The research results can be classified into (1) the measurement of preparedness at prefectural level, (2) the use of media (including new media), (3) supplying the living informations for habitants, (4) consideration for disaster weakeners, (5) expectation of habitants' behaviors (panic, rumor and so on), (6) planning of one-stop-center for victims, and (7) interorganizational coordinations.The following are a few notable findings :1. Most of municipal offices did not improve a plan about the media use. They depend mostly on the wireless public adress system, public adress cars or sirens. It is suggested that the serious information lack will occur again if a disaster occurs somewhere.2. Municipals with large population size tend to, however, improve the plan about the dissemination of living informations in reconstruction period in detail. In spite of them, they also afraid of occursions of panic or rumor among their residents.3. There are only 2.5% municipals which had already equipped the Information Centers for Residents (Chiki Joho Station) based on the new concept in Basic Protection Plan against Disasters (Bosai Kihon Keikaku) planned two years before. Moreover, they replace their "center" with existing equipment (the wireless public adress system, schools, public halls and so on).4. About a half of municipals answered that they expected some leaders of their residents to play an important role in communication with their offices. But also they did not put the training to make their expectation comes true into effort.These results lead to the conclusion that almost municipals in Japan had not improved their emergency management plan for their residents.