MODERN FOLKLORE STUDIES FOR FOLKLORISM IN THE PROCESS OF REVIVAL AND TRANSPLANTATION OF FESTIVAL EVENTS,AND INVENTION OF LOCAL CULTURES

本研究旨在分析近代日本许多节日活动和民间表演艺术被改造、移植或发明并获得意义的过程，以及在地方语境中生成人们的身份认同的过程。首先，研究者重新定义了民俗主义的概念，这是由德国伏尔克昆德在20世纪60年代初提出的，其次，研究者试图将其应用于选定的节日活动和民间表演艺术。这些活动和艺术包括长崎县后藤岛福歌市的福歌节、四国岛香川县Nio Cho的Nio龙节、广岛和香川县的当地鼓团、1988年在岐阜县举行的地方博览会以及岐阜县Shirotori Cho的Shirotori Bon舞蹈。调查人员对每一项节日活动和民间表演艺术进行了实地研究。结果如下。1.将青森内武田灯笼花车移植到福歌节现场作为主节目后，福歌节比以往更受欢迎。2.牛龙原本是农民祈求止旱的小草龙，现在在当地镇公所组织的节日活动中扮演着主要角色。3.当地的鼓团在日本各地仍然很流行。这股热潮是农村人通过民间表演艺术创造传统的过程。4.岐阜市的地方博览会是一个机会，许多节日和表演艺术被重新评估、重组和复制，成为代表当地田园诗价值的符号。5.柴斗舞曾是民间一种活跃的娱乐形式。如今，它正逐渐成为当地的一种旅游资源。

This research project was to analyze the process in which many festival events and folk performing arts are transformed, transplanted or invented, and aquire meanings, and generate people's identity in local context in modern Japan. First, the investigator redefined the idea of folklorism, developed by the German Volkskunde in early 1960s, and, secondly, tried to apply it to the selected festival events and folk performing arts. Those events and arts are the Fukue Festival in Fukue City, Goto islands, Nagasaki Prefecture, the Nio Dragon Festival in Nio Cho in Kagawa Prefecture, Shikoku Island, the local drum troupes in Hiroshima and Kagawa Prefectures, the local exposition held in Gifu Prefecture in 1988, and the Shirotori Bon Dance in Shirotori Cho, Gifu Prefecture. The investigator conducted the field research for each of those festival events and folk performing arts. The resuls are as follows. 1. After transplanting the Aomori Nebuta lantem float into the Fukue Festival scene as main program, the festival captured more popularity than before. 2. The Nio Dragon was originally a small straw dragon made by peasant people praying it for stopping the drought, and now it plays a principal role in the festival event organized by the local town office. 3. The local drum troupes are still in vogue in all parts of Japan. This boom is a process of inventing tradition among rural people through the folk performing arts. 4. The Local Exposition in Gifu was an opportunity when many festivals and performing arts were revaluated, reorganized and reproduced as symbols representing local idylic value. 5. The Shirotori Bon Dance was once an active form of recreation among the folk. Today, it is gradually becoming a tourism resource of local area.