MODERN FOLKLORE STUDIES FOR FOLKLORISM IN THE PROCESS OF REVIVAL AND TRANSPLANTATION OF FESTIVAL EVENTS,AND INVENTION OF LOCAL CULTURES

本研究项目旨在分析现代日本许多节日活动和民间表演艺术在当地语境中被转化、移植或发明的过程，并获得意义，产生人们的身份认同。首先，研究者重新定义了民俗学的概念，这是由德国人民在20世纪60年代初发展起来的，其次，试图将其应用于选定的节日活动和民间表演艺术。这些活动和艺术是长崎县后藤岛福城的福祭，四国岛香川县的二代町的二代龙祭，广岛和香川县的地方鼓团，1988年在岐阜县举行的地方博览会，以及岐阜县的Shirotori Bon Dance。调查人员对这些节日活动和民间表演艺术进行了实地调查。结果如下：1. 在将青森Nebuta花车作为主要节目移植到福井祭现场后，福井祭比以前更受欢迎。2. 蔚来龙最初是农民们祈求抗旱的小稻草龙，现在它在当地镇政府组织的节日活动中扮演了主要角色。3. 地方鼓乐队在日本各地仍很流行。这种繁荣是通过民间表演艺术在农村人民中创造传统的过程。4. 岐阜地方博览会是一个机会，许多节日和表演艺术被重新评估，重组和复制为代表当地田园诗价值的符号。5. Shirotori Bon Dance曾经是民间活跃的娱乐形式。如今，它正逐渐成为当地的一种旅游资源。

This research project was to analyze the process in which many festival events and folk performing arts are transformed, transplanted or invented, and aquire meanings, and generate people's identity in local context in modern Japan. First, the investigator redefined the idea of folklorism, developed by the German Volkskunde in early 1960s, and, secondly, tried to apply it to the selected festival events and folk performing arts. Those events and arts are the Fukue Festival in Fukue City, Goto islands, Nagasaki Prefecture, the Nio Dragon Festival in Nio Cho in Kagawa Prefecture, Shikoku Island, the local drum troupes in Hiroshima and Kagawa Prefectures, the local exposition held in Gifu Prefecture in 1988, and the Shirotori Bon Dance in Shirotori Cho, Gifu Prefecture. The investigator conducted the field research for each of those festival events and folk performing arts. The resuls are as follows. 1. After transplanting the Aomori Nebuta lantem float into the Fukue Festival scene as main program, the festival captured more popularity than before. 2. The Nio Dragon was originally a small straw dragon made by peasant people praying it for stopping the drought, and now it plays a principal role in the festival event organized by the local town office. 3. The local drum troupes are still in vogue in all parts of Japan. This boom is a process of inventing tradition among rural people through the folk performing arts. 4. The Local Exposition in Gifu was an opportunity when many festivals and performing arts were revaluated, reorganized and reproduced as symbols representing local idylic value. 5. The Shirotori Bon Dance was once an active form of recreation among the folk. Today, it is gradually becoming a tourism resource of local area.