A Study of Modern Ottoman Marine Transportation

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of modernization of Ottoman marine transportation and clarify some issues pertaining to the, incorporation of the Ottoman Empire into the capitalist world economy.Specifically, the following three questions were examined.(1) The participation of the Ottoman navy in commercial shipping(2) The competition with foreign steamship companies(3) The antagonism between Turk-Muslim officers and bureaucrats and non-Muslim capitalists and bureaucratsBy analyzing the above three questions, this survey should help to explain the reason why the Ottomans failed to make domestic shipping more modem and self-reliant.