Modern Ottoman Maritime Transportation and Navy

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of modernization of the Ottoman maritime transportation and navy and to clarify the effects of economical colonization and nationalism on the socio-economic structure of the Ottoman Empire. More concretely, the following questions were examined. (1) "cabotage right" problems, (2) establishment of the state steamshipping company, (3) ethnic and religious issues in the navy. In (1) and (2), I investigated the difficulties of developing a homeland shipping system under the rule of unequal treaties and the competition with the foreign capital. In (3), the conscript problems of the navy were considered in connection with focal points such as the effect, of nationalist movements among non-Muslim peoples and the opposing ideology of Pan-Islamism. As a result, we can say it is obvious that the loss of the human capital made up of the Greeks played decisive role in the decline of the Ottoman Navy and increase in the number of Muslim crew contributed to the foundation of the Republican navy