ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON GOGA (郷衙) AND THE HOUSE OF GOCHO (郷長)

戈加和戈乔之家的考古研究

• 批准号: 08610414
• 负责人: MATSUMURA Keiji
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Independent Administrative Institution National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08610414/
• 关键词: GOGA (郷衙)(OFFICE IN VILLAGE); GOCHOA (郷長)(CHIEF OF A VILLAGE); ANCIENT SETTLEMENT SITE; INK-INSCRIBED POTTERY; 郷家; 集落; 郡衙

This research is to settle a dispute through reexamination over the existence of administrative pivotal institution (or office) that can be called 'goga' (郷衙) within 'go' (郷), which was the lowest reaches of local administrative organization under Ritsuryo (律令) system. Methods of the research are extraction of elements that are related to government offices found at ancient settlement sites and consider their characteristics in conjunction with elucidation of a structure of chief's house through analysis of the site that produced ink-inscribed pottery with characters 'gogho' (郷長) or 'satoosa' (里長) and engraved spindles.As a result, ascertained points are● Analysis os sites where witten sources of letters associated with gogho found elucidated that the sites that had been confirmed as goga are divided into two types, general settlements and a kind of government office.● The former was no better than a private house and the latter was more likely to have been established as an outpost agency of the county office.● It is not possible to distinguish gogho's economic advantage in the locality by scale and number of rice granary.● It was probably the stratum of local powerful clan, which had an economic power as strang as gunji (郡司) or similar rank, with a rank in the lower reaches of Ritsuryo government who took the lead in reorganization of villages.As above, no economic advantage for gogho has been recognized and also no facilities annexed to gogho's house that resembles the government office has been found. Therefore, the conclusion is that there was no administrative institution that could be called goga as it disagrees with the theory "there was goga annexed to gogho's house private house". In addition, these facts are consistent with the fact that gogho was not included in the Ritsuryo bureaucracy being employed form hakucho (白丁).

这项研究旨在通过重新审视行政枢纽机构(或办公室)的存在来解决争议，该机构(或办公室)可以称为‘GO’(郷衙)内的‘GO’(郷)，这是立命教(律令)体制下地方行政组织的最低层。研究的方法是提取古代聚落遗址中发现的与政府机关有关的元素，并结合酋长官邸的结构，通过对出土的刻有GOGO(郷長)或‘SATOSA’(里長)字符的陶器以及刻有纺锤的遗址的分析，来考虑它们的特征。结果，确定的点是与GOGO相关的文字来源的分析发现阐明，已被确认为GOGA的遗址分为两类，一般聚落和一种政府办公室。前者并不比私人住宅好多少，后者更有可能是作为县办事处的前哨机构而建立的。不可能通过大米粮仓的规模和数量来区分高高在当地的经济优势。很可能是当地有权势的氏族阶层，他们的经济实力与贡吉(郡司)或类似的等级一样强大，在立越府的下游领导着村庄的重组。如上所述，没有人认识到高高的经济优势，也没有发现高高房子附属的类似政府办公室的设施。因此，得出的结论是，不存在可以被称为Goga的行政机构，因为它不同意“Goga并入Gogo的房子私人住宅”的理论。此外，这些事实与以下事实相一致，即高高并不包括在由白潮(白丁)雇用的利特律官僚机构中。