Interactions Working between the Clay Particle-Clay Particle and Solvent Water as Studied from Views of the Physical Chemistry of Solutions

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The artificial clay saponite was taken as sample and the intercalation of surfactants with different chain length was investigated by the measurement of ultrasonic velocity, density, and zeta-potentials, and X-ray diffraction. Major results obtained are summarized as follows :1) The stability conditions of sample solution with regard to time and concentration have been confirmed.2) Surfactants trialkylammonium bromide C_nTAB where n is equal to 8,10,12, or 14 was used. To the aqueous solutions of these samples, very dilute clay solutions were added and the changes in ultrasonic velocity were measured with an apparatus based on the sing-around techniques. The adiabatic compressibilities obtained from the data of velocity and density have shown that the surfactants are intercalated.3) The difference in the adiabatic compressibilities DELTAkappa=kappa_<soln>-kappa_<solv> varied regularly with carbon number of the alkyl chain.4) The interlamillar distances of the intercalated clay varies with n, indicating the intercalation.5) zeta-potential measurements supports the above mentioned results.6) The thermodynamic quantities of monoatomic-monoatomic systems were evaluated on the basis of the integral equation theory in the statistical mechanics of solutions.