Fundamental Research on the Feasibility and Evaluation of Employer-based Transportation Demand Management

美国制定的交通需求管理(TDM)政策，通常被称为基于雇主的交通需求管理，旨在改变员工的出行行为，为他们提供各种激励和抑制。交通需求管理政策在20世纪90年代初被引入日本S，但以雇主为基础的交通需求管理尚未充分发展，通勤者拼车在日本并不被认为是可行的选择。本研究旨在寻找一种可能性，在长冈市提供交通需求管理措施的情况下，通勤者从独自驾车转向公共交通或拼车出行方式。我们应用于联合分析，使用声明的偏好(SP)数据来估计单个参数。通过用微观模拟的方法模拟个体的模式变化，在引入和实施了一揽子TDM措施的情况下，我们得到了每小时的汽车OD表。最后，将每小时OD表分配给长冈地区的路网。如果TDM向员工在办公室停车收取费用，10%的通勤者在早上7点至8点期间从独自驾车改为乘坐公共汽车，从而使整个交通减少了7%，最大过河交通减少了17%。如果TDM提供拼车系统并向员工在办公室停车收费，17%的通勤者在早上7点至8点将其模式从单独驾驶改为拼车，从而使整个交通流量减少5%，最大过江交通流量减少14%。这些结果表明，应优先建立以雇主为基础的拼车制度，以推动TDM措施。

The Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policy developed in the U.S.A which is often called as employer-based TDM aims to make change the travel behavior of employee providing them various incentives and disincentives. TDM policy was introduced into Japan early 1990's, but employer-based TDM has not yet fully developed, and commuters' ridesharing is not recognized as a feasible options in Japan.This research aims to find a possibility of travel mode change for commuters from driving alone into public transit or ridesharing on condition that TDM measures are provided for a local city of Nagaoka. We apply to the Conjoint Analysis using, Stated Preference (SP) data to estimate individual parameters. By simulating mode change of an individual using a micro-simulation method, we eatimate hourly car OD tables assuming that a package of TDM measures are introduced and implemented. Finally, the hourly OD tables are assigned to the road network in the Nagaoka region.In case TDM charges employees'parking at their office, 10 per cent of commuters change their mode from driving alone to public buses during 7 to 8 AM,resulting in 7 per cent reduction of the whole traffic and 17 per cent reduction in maximum of river-crossing traffic. In case TDM provides ridesharing systems and charges employees'parking at their office, 17 per cent of commuters change their mode from driving alone to ridesharing during 7 to 8 AM,resulting in 5 per cent reduction of the whole traffic and 14 per cent reduction in maximum of river-crossing traffic. These results reveal that employer-based ridesharing systems should be established by priority to promote TDM measures.