Fundamental Research on the Feasibility and Evaluation of Employer-based Transportation Demand Management

美国的交通需求管理（TDM）政策通常被称为基于雇主的交通需求管理（employer-based TDM），旨在通过各种激励和抑制措施来改变雇员的出行行为。日本于20世纪90年代初开始实施TDM政策，但以雇主为基础的TDM尚未得到充分发展，通勤者的共乘在日本并不被认为是一种可行的选择。本研究旨在以长冈市为例，在提供TDM措施的条件下，寻找通勤者从单独驾驶到公共交通或共乘的出行方式转变的可能性。我们应用于联合分析，使用陈述偏好（SP）数据来估计个体参数。通过微观模拟的方法模拟个人的方式变化，我们估计每小时的汽车OD表假设一套TDM措施的介绍和实施。最后，将每小时OD表分配给长冈地区的道路网络。如果TDM对员工在办公室的停车收费，10%的通勤者在早上7点到8点之间从单独驾驶转向公共汽车，导致总交通量减少7%，最大跨河交通量减少17%。如果TDM提供共乘系统，并向员工在办公室停车收费，17%的通勤者在早上7点至8点期间将其模式从单独驾驶改为共乘，导致整体交通量减少5%，最大跨河交通量减少14%。这些结果表明，应优先建立基于雇主的拼车系统，以促进TDM措施。

The Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policy developed in the U.S.A which is often called as employer-based TDM aims to make change the travel behavior of employee providing them various incentives and disincentives. TDM policy was introduced into Japan early 1990's, but employer-based TDM has not yet fully developed, and commuters' ridesharing is not recognized as a feasible options in Japan.This research aims to find a possibility of travel mode change for commuters from driving alone into public transit or ridesharing on condition that TDM measures are provided for a local city of Nagaoka. We apply to the Conjoint Analysis using, Stated Preference (SP) data to estimate individual parameters. By simulating mode change of an individual using a micro-simulation method, we eatimate hourly car OD tables assuming that a package of TDM measures are introduced and implemented. Finally, the hourly OD tables are assigned to the road network in the Nagaoka region.In case TDM charges employees'parking at their office, 10 per cent of commuters change their mode from driving alone to public buses during 7 to 8 AM,resulting in 7 per cent reduction of the whole traffic and 17 per cent reduction in maximum of river-crossing traffic. In case TDM provides ridesharing systems and charges employees'parking at their office, 17 per cent of commuters change their mode from driving alone to ridesharing during 7 to 8 AM,resulting in 5 per cent reduction of the whole traffic and 14 per cent reduction in maximum of river-crossing traffic. These results reveal that employer-based ridesharing systems should be established by priority to promote TDM measures.