Fundamental Research on the Feasibility and Evaluation of Employer-based Transportation Demand Management

美国制定的交通需求管理（TDM）政策，通常被称为基于雇主的TDM，旨在改变员工的出行行为，为他们提供各种激励和抑制措施。日本早在20世纪90年代初就引入了TDM政策，但基于雇主的TDM尚未完全发展起来，通勤者拼车在日本也不被认为是一种可行的选择。本研究以长冈市为例，在提供TDM措施的条件下，寻找通勤者从独自驾驶到公共交通或拼车的出行方式改变的可能性。我们应用联合分析，使用声明偏好（SP）数据来估计单个参数。通过微观模拟方法模拟个体的模式变化，假设引入并实施了一揽子TDM措施，我们估计了每小时汽车OD表。最后，将每小时OD表分配给长冈地区的道路网络。如果TDM收取员工在办公室的停车费，10%的通勤者在早上7点到8点将他们的模式从独自驾驶改为公共汽车，导致整个交通量减少7%，最大过河交通量减少17%。如果TDM提供拼车系统并收取员工在办公室的停车费，17%的通勤者在早上7点到8点之间将他们的模式从单独驾驶改为拼车，导致整个交通量减少5%，最大过河交通量减少14%。这些结果表明，应优先建立基于雇主的拼车系统，以推广TDM措施。

The Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policy developed in the U.S.A which is often called as employer-based TDM aims to make change the travel behavior of employee providing them various incentives and disincentives. TDM policy was introduced into Japan early 1990's, but employer-based TDM has not yet fully developed, and commuters' ridesharing is not recognized as a feasible options in Japan.This research aims to find a possibility of travel mode change for commuters from driving alone into public transit or ridesharing on condition that TDM measures are provided for a local city of Nagaoka. We apply to the Conjoint Analysis using, Stated Preference (SP) data to estimate individual parameters. By simulating mode change of an individual using a micro-simulation method, we eatimate hourly car OD tables assuming that a package of TDM measures are introduced and implemented. Finally, the hourly OD tables are assigned to the road network in the Nagaoka region.In case TDM charges employees'parking at their office, 10 per cent of commuters change their mode from driving alone to public buses during 7 to 8 AM,resulting in 7 per cent reduction of the whole traffic and 17 per cent reduction in maximum of river-crossing traffic. In case TDM provides ridesharing systems and charges employees'parking at their office, 17 per cent of commuters change their mode from driving alone to ridesharing during 7 to 8 AM,resulting in 5 per cent reduction of the whole traffic and 14 per cent reduction in maximum of river-crossing traffic. These results reveal that employer-based ridesharing systems should be established by priority to promote TDM measures.