Basic Research on Edo Period Temples of the Shinshu Sect and the Related Restrictive Rules of the Honmatsu Class System.

江户时代真宗寺院的基础研究及本松等级制度的相关限制规则。

• 批准号: 08650747
• 负责人: HYUGA Susumu
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08650747/
• 关键词: Edo Period; Jodo-Shinshu sect; Honmatsu class system; Hondo

Originally, the Shinshu hondo architecture was simple. But in the mid-Edo Period, the hondo of head temples became gorgeous. These changes were controlled by the shogunate government and by the administration of the head temple. It was in 1668 that the Tokugawa government imposed certain rules restricting the form of temples. One of the most important restrictions was related to the fixing of a maximum of bays as six to the depth of hondo. During the 17th to the 18th centuries, the head temple also imposed many restrictions to the hondo design of lower-ranking temples.In the 18th century, the hondo from the head temples started to possess the marubashira and the ushirodo plan became generally accepted. The style of these temples started then to be more definite and smaller temples wished to posses a little from their magnificence themselves. This could only be done through a license system, where the lower-ranking temples had to pay a reigin fee to the head temples to get permission to build in their fashion. At this time, some farmers started to get economically powerful and became parishioners of lower-ranking temples, influencing their running of affairs. In order to maintain the honma tsu class system under control in the Shinshu order, head temples had to tighten their restrictions on these lower-ranking temples. As the Tokugawa shogunate demanded the nengu payments, it wanted to tighten control on this system of reigin payments, so that those parishioners involved could still afford to pay the nengu.In these above cited conditions, the architecture of the hondo of lower-ranking Shinshu temples evolved assnming a less domestic-like appearence to a more 'Buddhist temple-like' style.

最初，新州本岛的建筑很简单。但在江户时代中期，头部寺庙的本岛变得华丽起来。这些变化是由幕府政府和头部寺庙的管理控制的。正是在1668年，德川政府制定了一些限制寺庙形式的规定。最重要的限制之一是将本岛深度的最大海湾限制为6个。17世纪至18世纪，头庙也对低级寺庙的本道设计施加了许多限制。18世纪，头庙的本道人开始拥有丸桥寺，Uhirodo计划被普遍接受。这些寺庙的风格开始变得更加明确，较小的寺庙希望自己能有一点自己的宏伟。这只能通过许可证制度来完成，在这种制度下，级别较低的寺庙必须向领头寺庙支付在位费用，才能获得以他们的方式建造的许可。此时，一些农民开始拥有强大的经济实力，成为下层寺庙的教区居民，影响了他们的事务管理。为了维持本马祖在新州的等级制度，酋长庙不得不收紧对这些级别较低的寺庙的限制。由于德川幕府要求Nengu支付，它希望加强对这种统治支付系统的控制，以便相关教区居民仍然能够负担得起Nengu的支付。在上述条件下，级别较低的新州寺庙的本道建筑演变成了一种更像佛教寺庙的风格，而不是那么家庭化。