Development of highly value added products using components of Leucaena leucocephala de wit

作者的专利浸出方法使得将银合欢用作食物和牲畜饲料成为可能。1-22)由于可以用离子交换树脂法在工业规模上提纯含草素，因此它已被作为除草先导化合物进行了研究。这份报告解释了含羞草素作为一种有利可图和有效的除草和抗真菌药剂的具体用途。当真菌攻击银合欢(Leucaena Leucocephala De Wit)的叶子时，含羞草素[β-N-(3-羟基-4-吡啶酮)-α-氨基丙酸]通过含羞草胺降解酶的作用形成DHP[3-羟基-4-(1H)-吡啶酮]。DHP的抗真菌特性证实了它与亮氨酸的植保素有关。38个未知微生物和44个已知微生物用于含羞草素和DHP的分解代谢。含羞草素对大肠杆菌E-9的生长有抑制作用，而DHP对其生长有显著的促进作用。含羞草素和DHP都能促进产气大肠杆菌的生长。在所合成的化合物中，1-β-氰乙基-2-吡啶酮在100ppm时对白菜的除草活性为55.6%。1-β-羧乙基-4-吡啶酮在100ppm时对腐霉的抗真菌活性为85.3%。作者发现，通过在亮氨酸中存在含羞草素，它可以保护自己免于灭绝。米莫辛有两个潜在的措施，一个是保护自己不受肇事者的伤害。二是发展和扩大物种。动物在摄入含羞草精后就会生病。银合欢通过释放化感素来建立自己的殖民地。考虑到银合欢在世界热带和亚热带地区的巨大分布，这种多用途植物的综合利用可以创造超过1万亿美元的新业务。

The author's patented leaching method has made it possible to use the Leucaena as food and livestock feed. 1-22) Since mimosine can be purified on an industrial scale by use of an ion-exchange resin method, it has been studied as a herbicidal lead compound. Thisreport explains specific indications of mimosine's use as a profitable and effective herbicidal and antifungal agent.When a fungus attacks Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala de Wit) leaves, mimosine [beta-N- (3-hydroxy-4-pyridone)-alpha- aminopropionic acid] forms DHP [3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyridone] by action of the mimosine degradation enzyme. The antifungal properties of DHP confirm that it is responsible for the phytoalexin of Leucaena.Thirty-eight unknown and 44 known microorganisms were used in the catabolization of mimosine and DHP.Escherichia coli E-9growth was inhibited by mimosine, however, its gromth was dramatically increased by DHP.Escherichia aerogenes growth was increased by both mimosineand DHP.Sixteen mimosine derivatives were prepared and tested for herbicidal and antifungal activity levels. Among the prepared compounds 1-beta-cyanoethy1-2 pyridone showed herbicidal activity of 55.6% at 100 ppm against Brassica rapa. 1-beta-Carboxylethyl-4-pyridone showed antifungal activity of 85.3% at 100 ppm against Pythium sp.The author has discovered that by the presence of mimosine in Leucaene, it protects itself from extinction. Mimosine has two potential measures, one is to defend itself from perpetrators. The other is to develop and expand the species. Animals become diseased after ingestion of mimosine. Leucaena creates its own colonies by the release of the allelopathy mimosine.Considering the tremendous distribution of Leucaena in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world, more than a trillion dollars of new business could be created by the total utilization of this multi-purpose plant.