Effects of exercise on bone mass and bone structure-Cross-sectional and 3-year-longitudinal Studies-

我们调查了在不同的月经状态下，体育锻炼是否对骨量的增加或减少有影响。将40名女排运动员按月经状况分为4组；13名绝经前妇女，7名绝经后妇女，12名绝经后妇女，8名绝经后妇女。89名健康女性作为对照组（分别为13、11、23和12名）。采用双x线骨密度仪（DXA）测量腰椎和跟骨的骨密度（BMD），每年进行3次胫骨的跟骨外围定量计算机断层扫描和定量超声（QUS）测量。玩家组的初始骨测量值更高。绝经前运动员的骨皮质优势部位骨密度显著高于对照组，骨皮质面积显著增大，惯性矩显著高于对照组，骨皮质部分骨密度显著增加。在围绝经期和绝经后早期，在皮质部分的骨质流失率上没有或有轻微的显著差异，而在高冲击部位的小梁显性骨的流失率在运动员组中较低。大多数初始测量值与YSM和BMI显著相关，总训练量与脊柱骨密度、足跟骨密度和胫骨皮质面积呈正相关。骨量损失率方面，BMI与胫骨皮质优势部位骨量损失率显著相关，YSM与足跟QUS和DXA的骨量损失率显著相关。当前训练时数与足跟DXA有显著关系。综上所述，撞击型运动有助于绝经前骨量的高储存，特别是在皮质部分，并减少绝经相关的骨量减少，主要是在高撞击部位的小梁区域。雌激素、运动和身体质量指数在不同骨骼部位表现出不同的关系。少

We investigated whether physical exercise had effects to increase bone mass or to reduce decrease of bone mass in the various menstrual status.40 volleyball women players were divided into 4 groups according to the menstrual status ; 13 pre-, 7 pen-, 12 early post-, and 8 late post-menopausal women. 89 healthy women were the control (13, 11, 23, and 12, respectively). The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and calcaneus using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus were annually performed three times.The initial bone measurementswere higher in the player group. The pre-menopausal players showed significantly higher BMD in cortical dominant site and larger cortical bone area, higher moment of inertia than in the control, and showed increase of BMD in the cortical component. In the peri- and early post-menopausal status, there were no or minimally signific … More ant differences in the rate of bone loss of the cortical component, while the loss rates of trabecular dominant bone in the high- impact sites were lower in the player group. Most of the initial measurementswere significantly related to YSM and BMI, and the total amount of training showed positive relationship with the spinal BMD, heel BMD, and the tibial cortical area. For the rate of bone loss, BMI showed the significant relationship with the rate of loss of tibial BMD in cortical dominant sites, and YSM showed significant relationship with those of the heel QUS and DXA.The cur rent training hours showed significant relationship to the heel DXA.In conclusion, the impact-type exercise showed contributions to the highly stored bone mass, especially in the cortical component before menopause, and reduction of menopause-related decrease of bone mass, mainly in the trabecular region of highly impact sites. The estrogen, exercise and body mass index showed different relationship depending on the skeletal sites. Less