Effects of exercise on bone mass and bone structure-Cross-sectional and 3-year-longitudinal Studies-

将40名女子排球运动员按月经状况分为4组：绝经前13人，绝经后7人，绝经后早期12人，绝经后晚期8人。健康女性89例，分别为13例、11例、23例、12例。用双X射线骨密度仪(DXA)测量腰椎和跟骨的骨密度(BMD)，用跟骨外周定量CT和定量超声(QUS)测量胫骨骨密度(BMD)，每年三次。绝经前受试者皮质优势部位骨密度明显高于对照组，皮质骨面积较大，转动惯量较大，皮质成分骨密度增加。在围绝经期和绝经早期状态中，没有或最低程度有意义的…运动员组在皮质成分的骨丢失率上有更大的差异，而在高冲击部位的骨小梁优势骨的丢失率较低。大多数初始测量与YSM和BMI显著相关，训练总量与脊柱骨密度、足跟骨密度、胫骨皮质面积呈正相关。在骨丢失率方面，BMI与皮质优势部位的胫骨骨密度丢失率呈显著正相关，YSM与跟骨QUS和DXA呈显著正相关。当前训练时间与跟骨DXA呈显著正相关。结论：冲击性运动对绝经前的高储存骨量有贡献，减少了绝经后骨量的下降，主要是在高冲击部位的小梁区。雌激素、运动和体重指数因骨骼部位的不同而呈现不同的关系。较少

We investigated whether physical exercise had effects to increase bone mass or to reduce decrease of bone mass in the various menstrual status.40 volleyball women players were divided into 4 groups according to the menstrual status ; 13 pre-, 7 pen-, 12 early post-, and 8 late post-menopausal women. 89 healthy women were the control (13, 11, 23, and 12, respectively). The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and calcaneus using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus were annually performed three times.The initial bone measurementswere higher in the player group. The pre-menopausal players showed significantly higher BMD in cortical dominant site and larger cortical bone area, higher moment of inertia than in the control, and showed increase of BMD in the cortical component. In the peri- and early post-menopausal status, there were no or minimally signific … More ant differences in the rate of bone loss of the cortical component, while the loss rates of trabecular dominant bone in the high- impact sites were lower in the player group. Most of the initial measurementswere significantly related to YSM and BMI, and the total amount of training showed positive relationship with the spinal BMD, heel BMD, and the tibial cortical area. For the rate of bone loss, BMI showed the significant relationship with the rate of loss of tibial BMD in cortical dominant sites, and YSM showed significant relationship with those of the heel QUS and DXA.The cur rent training hours showed significant relationship to the heel DXA.In conclusion, the impact-type exercise showed contributions to the highly stored bone mass, especially in the cortical component before menopause, and reduction of menopause-related decrease of bone mass, mainly in the trabecular region of highly impact sites. The estrogen, exercise and body mass index showed different relationship depending on the skeletal sites. Less