Ultraviolet dosimetry on the local crystalline lens utilizing a mannequin model

为了阐明白内障的发生与紫外线照射的关系，我们进行了以下研究：1)对北海道、石川、冲绳3个不同气候地区的白内障患病率及皮质混浊定位进行了调查。我们发现白内障患病率和混浊类型的差异。2)使用人体模型紫外线剂量计和隐形眼镜剂量计对眼睛进行紫外线照射剂量测定。眼睛上的紫外线照射量不到前额的一半。暴露量最高的部位是下鼻侧。3)在活体兔眼上研究了吸紫外隐形眼镜的效果。在没有隐形眼镜保护的情况下接受紫外线照射的眼睛有明显的角膜上皮和内皮损伤、角膜水肿和白内障。相比之下，戴隐形眼镜的人没有表现出这些变化。4)为了阐明眼睑缩小和斜视对强光的影响，减少了眼睛内紫外线的照射，制作了一种可以测量日常生活照明条件下眼睑和瞳孔大小变化的仪器。健康白内障志愿者（老年白内障患者除外）的瞳孔大小在室内为3mm左右，室外为2mm左右。眼睑和瞳孔大小的变化首先是瞳孔变化，其次是上眼睑下降，下眼睑升高。从流行病学和基础研究来看，紫外线照射与白内障的发生有关是不容置疑的。

To clarify the relation between cataract development and ultraviolet exposure, we investigated following studies ; 1)Cataract prevalence and localization of cortical opacity were investigated among climatically different three places (Hokkaido, Ishikawa, and Okinawa). We find the difference of cataract prevalence and type of opacity. 2)Dosimetry of UV exposure on the eye was performed with a mannequin model UV dosimeter and contact lens type dosimeter were produced. UV exposure on the eye was less than a half of forehead. The highest exposure was found in the lower nasal side. 3)The effect of UV absorbing contact lens was studied on a living rabbit eyes. The eyes that had received UV radiation without contact lens protection had evidence of both corneal epithelium and endothelium injury, corneal edema, and cataract. In contrast, with contact lens protection did not show these changes. 4)To clarify the effects of miosis and squinting eye lids against bright light reducing UV exposure in the eye, a equipment which enable us to measure the changes of eye lids and pupillary size under the condition of daily life illumination was made. The pupillary size of healthy and cataractous volunteer (except elder cataractous patients) were around 3 mm in the indoors condition, and 2 mm in outdoors. The first changes of eye lids and pupillary size was seen pupillary changes, followed by dropping of upper eye lid and elevation of lower eye lid. It was no doubt that UV exposure related to cataract development from epidemiological and basic studies.