The Effects of the Use of Market Services on the Time Allocation of Married Females

1. 利用已有的时间预算数据，比较已婚就业女性和已婚失业女性在控制年龄和家庭结构方面的家务劳动时间。在所有年龄段和家庭结构中，已婚失业女性花在家务上的时间更长。我进行了最初的时间预算调查调查对象是同一家庭的丈夫和妻子。结果如下：与家务劳动相关的一些市场服务被已婚就业女性更多地使用。然而，已婚失业女性也使用其他市场服务。通过使用一些市场服务，花在家务上的时间缩短了。我在时间预算调查附带的问卷中询问了对使用与家务有关的市场服务和减少家务的态度。夫妻双方都同意他们希望家庭成员提供家务服务，而不是使用市场服务。妻子比丈夫更赞成减少家务劳动。上面提到的态度和花在家务上的时间之间有一定的关系。那些同意使用市场服务或减少家务劳动的人花在家务上的钱较少。我得出的结论是，与家务相关的市场服务的使用对女性的时间分配产生了部分影响。对使用与家务劳动相关的市场服务或减少家务劳动量的态度与花费在家务劳动上的时间的关系大于使用市场服务本身。

1. I compared the time devoted to the housework by married employed females with married unemployed females on controlling the age and family structure by using the existent time budget data. In all ages and family structures, married unemployed females spend longer on the housework.2. I conducted the original time budget survey whose population was husbands and wives of the same households. The results are as follows.3. Some market services related to the housework are used more by married employed females. However, married unemployed females also use other market services. Time devoted to the housework becomes shorter by using some kind of market services.4. I asked the attitudes to using the market services related to the housework and to reducing the amount of housework in the questionnaire attached to the time budget survey. Both husbands and wives agree that they want to produce the housework services by family members instead of using market services. Wives agree more than husbands with reducing the amount of housework.5. There are some relations between the attitudes mentioned above and the time spent on the housework. Those who agree with using the market services or with reducing the amount of housework spend less on housework.6. I reach the conclusion that the use of the market services related to the housework gives partly the effects on the time allocation of females. The attitudes to using the market services related to the housework or to reducing the amount of housework are more related to the time spent to housework than the use of market services itself.