Forming of network with photographs in a museum, and its application to ichthyological research

本研究的目的是在普通人和有照片的研究人员之间形成一个信息网络，并将其产品应用于鱼类学研究。大多数照片是潜水员拍摄的鱼类水下照片，主要产品是神奈川县自然历史博物馆鱼类图像数据库(KPM-NR)的图像数据库的构建。该系统收集的许多图像实际应用于鱼类分类、动物地理学和生态学。为了收集潜水员的鱼类水下照片，开展了以下活动：1)图像数据库及其用处讲座；2)在潜水店和潜水活动地点分发传单；3)在几本潜水员杂志上进行宣传。另一方面，日本鱼类学学会在1996年年会上的一次演讲和1998年日本鱼类学学会研讨会上的一次演讲被授予鱼类学家作为博物馆中公认的鱼类水下照片收藏的价值。结果，数据库中存储了1995年至1996年的11085张照片，1997年的5364张，1998年的6005张，总共22454张。在这些图像的基础上，在分类学领域取得了以下成功：1)发现了未描述的物种；2)发现了新的颜色变异；3)根据生长确定了颜色的变化；4)确定了两性之间的差异。在生物地理学领域，1)制定了区系名录；2)发现了日本未记录的物种；3)更新了热带和亚热带物种的最北端记录。最后，在生态学领域，成功的有：1)发生期的确定；2)栖息地的确定；3)习性的确定，如姿势和游泳方式。

Purposes of present study are forming an informative network between ordinary persons and researchers with photographs, and applying its product to ichthyological research. Most of photographs are underwater photographs of fishes taken by SCUBA divers, and main product is construction of image database named as the Image Database of Fishes in the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (KPM-NR). Many images collected by this system were actually applied to taxonomy, zoogeography, and ecology of fishes.For collecting underwater photographs of fishes from divers, the following actions were carried out : 1) lecture on the Image Database and its usefulness ; 2) distribution of leaflet in diving shop and place of event on diving ; 3) publicity in a few magazine for divers. On the other hand, a presentation in the annual meeting, 1996 and a lecture in the symposium, 1998 in the Ichthyological Society of Japan were given to ichthyologists for having value as collection of underwater photographs of fishes in museum recognized.As the result, 11085 images were stocked in the database from 1995 to 1996, 5364 in 1997, 6005 in 1998, and 22454 in total. On the basis of the images, the following successes were obtained in taxonomic field : 1) discovery of undescribed species ; 2) discovery of new color variations ; 3) determination of change of color according to growth ; 4) determination of differences between both sexes. In biogeographical field, the successes are as follows : 1) making of faunal list ; 2) discovery of unrecorded species from Japan ; 3) renewing of the northernmost record of tropical and subtropical species. Lastly, in ecological field, the successes are as follows : 1)determination of period of occurrence ; 2) determination of habitat ; 3)determination of habit such as posture and swimming manner.