The research on formation of the cell membrane and establishment of the primary metabolism in the primitive earth environments

为了了解原始地球环境中碳质物质的赋存状态，利用显微激光拉曼光谱研究了Allende碳质球粒陨石中碳质物质的分布规律，阐明了碳质物质的结构和赋存状态在边缘和基质中存在的差异；通过研究氨基酸与冲击波的反应，阐明了原始地球中的化学演化：1)虽然颗粒表面的碳化过程是进行的，但当冲击波作用于甘氨酸固体颗粒时，反应不发生在甘氨酸固体颗粒内部。(2)阐明了当激波作用于甘氨酸的冷冻水溶液时，聚合反应是进行的。为了弄清细胞膜类似物在原始地球环境中的行为，研究了氨基酸在多孔尼龙球体中的行为，其中HO…用卵磷脂S膜覆盖更多的LLS，发现膜的通透性受氨基酸种类和体内离子状态的差异的影响。为了了解原始地球中细胞膜的性质，发展了利用电喷雾电离质谱仪分析古菌膜脂结构的简便技术。考察了古菌在模拟原始地球环境的高二氧化碳浓度下培养产生的膜脂化学结构与二氧化碳浓度的相关性。虽然二氧化碳浓度对类异戊二烯链上五元环的数目没有影响，但可以清楚地看出极性基团的状态受到影响。阐明了嗜盐古菌膜脂生物合成途径中赖氨酸的摄取途径，研究了基里岛温泉区沉积物中古菌脂类的分布，建立了原始地球环境评价方法，并估算了古地球温度。较少

Distribution pattern of carbonaceous matter in Allende carbonaceous chondrite was examined in the imaging by the micro laser Raman spectroscopy in order to know present state of carbonaceous matter in the primitive Earth environment, and it was clarified that the difference existed for structure and present state of the carbonaceous matter between rim and matrix.The reaction of amino acid by the shock wave was examined in order to clarify the chemical evolution in primitive Earth to indicate the followings : 1) Though the carbonization of the particle surface progresses, when shock wave is applied to the solid particle of glycine, the reaction does not occur inside the solid particle of glycine. (2) It was clarified that the polymerization reaction progressed, when the shock wave was applied to freezing aqueous solution of glycine.In order to clarify the behavior of cell membrane analogs in the primitive Earth environments, the behavior of the amino acid in porous nylon sphere whose ho … More lls were covered with s film of phosphatidylcholine was examined, and it was clarified that the membrane permeability is affeted by the type of amino acid and the difference of the ionic state of the inside.The technique using the electro spray ionization mass spectrometry was developed as the convenient technique which analyzed the structure of the membrane lipid of the archaea in order to know the property of the cell membrane in primitive Earth.The correlation between carbon dioxide concentration and chemical structure of the membrane lipid which the archaea produced on cultivation at high carbon dioxide concentration which imitated the primitive Earth environment was examined. Though the carbon dioxide concentration did not influence in the number of the five-member rings in the isoprenoid chain, it was clarified that the condition of the polar group was affected.The lysine whose specific position was labeled with deuterium was administered to the halophilic archaea. The uptake pathway of the lysine in biosynthetic pathway of membrane lipid of the halophilic archaea was clarified.The distribution of the archaea lipid in the sediment in the Kirishima hot spring area was examined in order to develop the means of environment estimation of the primitive Earth, and the paleotemperature was estimated. Less