The research on formation of the cell membrane and establishment of the primary metabolism in the primitive earth environments

利用微激光拉曼光谱对Allende碳质球粒陨石中碳质物质的分布规律进行了成像研究，以了解原始地球环境中碳质物质的状态，并阐明了边缘与基体之间碳质物质的结构和状态存在差异。为了阐明原始地球中氨基酸与激波的化学演化，本文研究了激波对氨基酸的反应，结果表明：1)虽然粒子表面有炭化过程，但当激波作用于甘氨酸固体粒子时，反应并不发生在甘氨酸固体粒子内部。(2)澄清了当冲击波作用于甘氨酸冷冻水溶液时，聚合反应进行。为了阐明细胞膜类似物在原始地球环境下的行为，研究了氨基酸在多孔尼龙球中的行为，该多孔尼龙球的表面覆盖有5层磷脂酰胆碱膜，阐明了膜的通透性受氨基酸类型和内部离子状态差异的影响。电喷雾电离质谱技术是一种简便的分析古细菌膜脂结构的技术，旨在了解原始地球细胞膜的性质。研究了古菌在模拟原始地球环境的高二氧化碳培养条件下产生的膜脂化学结构与二氧化碳浓度的相关性。虽然二氧化碳浓度对类异戊二烯链中五元环的数目没有影响，但澄清了极性基团的状况受到影响。将特定位置用氘标记的赖氨酸给予嗜盐古菌。阐明了嗜盐古菌膜脂生物合成途径中赖氨酸的摄取途径。对雾岛温泉区沉积物中古细菌脂质分布进行了研究，以期建立原始地球环境估算的手段，并对古温度进行了估算。少

Distribution pattern of carbonaceous matter in Allende carbonaceous chondrite was examined in the imaging by the micro laser Raman spectroscopy in order to know present state of carbonaceous matter in the primitive Earth environment, and it was clarified that the difference existed for structure and present state of the carbonaceous matter between rim and matrix.The reaction of amino acid by the shock wave was examined in order to clarify the chemical evolution in primitive Earth to indicate the followings : 1) Though the carbonization of the particle surface progresses, when shock wave is applied to the solid particle of glycine, the reaction does not occur inside the solid particle of glycine. (2) It was clarified that the polymerization reaction progressed, when the shock wave was applied to freezing aqueous solution of glycine.In order to clarify the behavior of cell membrane analogs in the primitive Earth environments, the behavior of the amino acid in porous nylon sphere whose ho … More lls were covered with s film of phosphatidylcholine was examined, and it was clarified that the membrane permeability is affeted by the type of amino acid and the difference of the ionic state of the inside.The technique using the electro spray ionization mass spectrometry was developed as the convenient technique which analyzed the structure of the membrane lipid of the archaea in order to know the property of the cell membrane in primitive Earth.The correlation between carbon dioxide concentration and chemical structure of the membrane lipid which the archaea produced on cultivation at high carbon dioxide concentration which imitated the primitive Earth environment was examined. Though the carbon dioxide concentration did not influence in the number of the five-member rings in the isoprenoid chain, it was clarified that the condition of the polar group was affected.The lysine whose specific position was labeled with deuterium was administered to the halophilic archaea. The uptake pathway of the lysine in biosynthetic pathway of membrane lipid of the halophilic archaea was clarified.The distribution of the archaea lipid in the sediment in the Kirishima hot spring area was examined in order to develop the means of environment estimation of the primitive Earth, and the paleotemperature was estimated. Less