Second Stage of the Lake Biwa Project

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The Lake Biwa project is featured by "Campaign and Permanent Field Observations Synchronized with Space- and Air-borne Remote Sensing", "Collaboration by Scientists, Engineers and Agriculturists" and "the Goal as Understanding Hydrologic Circulation in the Lake Biwa Basin Using Hydrologic-Meteorological Combined Models Assimilated by the Field Observations". This project has been promoted about 20 groups from around Japan.In the second stage, we shifted weight from every-year campaign observation into permanent observation at four representative points. Operation of the permanent system in paddy field and forested area started in 1998 and in urban area and lake surface in 1999. According to this weight-shift to the permanent observation, we set "seasonal and year-to-year variation " and "vegetation phenology" as additional targets by effectively utilizing operational satellite information. Of course, for understanding the scale effect up to 20 km scale, tuning of model parameters and data assimilation are unchanged targets.At the site of the paddy field instruments for measuring or estimating radiation and heat budget and water budget based on Bowen ratio method were set up. Also photosynthesis active radiometer was set up in this April. Measurement in forested area is almost same as paddy field except for using SAT. Campaign observations for measuring LAI and heat pulse velocity has been carried out on typical days of each. Measurements at lake-surface and urban area sites are almost same except that basis is set on the bulk method. All data from these four sites are collected at office using mobile phone.