Construction of "Lake Biwa standard models" for the 21st century-Predict models on the basis of universal truth of physics, chemistry and biology-

1998年和1999年，为获取浮游生物群落的基本数据，为构建“湖泊生态系统标准模型”提供依据，我们对琵琶湖浮游生物（病毒、细菌、皮藻、纳米藻、微藻、异养纳米鞭毛虫和甲壳类）的生物量和掠食率的时空变化进行了野外观测。此外，1999年5月至12月，我们每隔一周进行一次调查，检测了与水体扩散对流交织的皮、纳、微浮游藻类的垂直分布格局。在物理年2000年，基于获得的物理化学和生物数据，构建了5个湖泊生态系统模型。“湖泊生态系统的多扩散对流模式”研究表明，由颗粒降水和悬浮物驱动的热量双扩散对流是一个由颗粒和溶解物质等多种物质在湖泊中循环的多扩散对流系统。“琵琶湖水温和营养物垂直分布的季节变化模型”将动量方程与传热方程和湍流扩散方程相结合，建立了新的模型，再现了水温和营养物垂直分布的季节变化。以浮游生物群落食物网中碳、氮、磷的行为为基础，建立了“湖泊生态系统物质循环模型”。其余为“浮游植物垂直分布模型”诱导湍流扩散项目为轻营养物模型和“浮游植物与微生物环内细菌共存模型”。

In physical years 1998 and 1999, to obtain basic data on plankton communities available for construction of "Standard Models of Lake Ecosystems", we had field observations of spatio-temporal changes in biomass and grazing rates of planktonic organisms-virus, bacteria, picoalgae, nanoalgae, microalgae, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and crustaceans-in Lake Biwa. Further, we detected vertical distribution patterns of pico, nano and micro planktonic algae intertwining with diffusive convection of water through surveys from May to December 1999 at one week intervals.In a physical year 2000, five models of lake ecosystems were constructed on the basis of physico-chemical and biological data obtained.1. "A multi-diffusive convection model of lake ecosystems"It was shown that the double-diffusive convection consisting of heat drived by particle precipitation and suspended matter is a multi-diffusive convection system which many kinds of substances such as particles and dissolved matter circulate in lakes.2. "A model of seasonal changes in vertical distribution of water temperature and nutrients in Lake Biwa" Seasonal changes in vertical distribution of water temperature and nutrients were reappeared by constructing a new model in conbination of momentum equation with heat transfer and turbulent diffusion equations.3. "A model of matter cycle in lake ecosysterns" was built on the basis of behaviors of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus through food webs in plankton communities.The rest are "A model of vertical distribution of phytoplankton" inducing turbulent diffusion item into a light-nutrient model and "A coexistence model of phytoplankton and bacteria in microbial loop".