Construction of "Lake Biwa standard models" for the 21st century-Predict models on the basis of universal truth of physics, chemistry and biology-

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In physical years 1998 and 1999, to obtain basic data on plankton communities available for construction of "Standard Models of Lake Ecosystems", we had field observations of spatio-temporal changes in biomass and grazing rates of planktonic organisms-virus, bacteria, picoalgae, nanoalgae, microalgae, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and crustaceans-in Lake Biwa. Further, we detected vertical distribution patterns of pico, nano and micro planktonic algae intertwining with diffusive convection of water through surveys from May to December 1999 at one week intervals.In a physical year 2000, five models of lake ecosystems were constructed on the basis of physico-chemical and biological data obtained.1. "A multi-diffusive convection model of lake ecosystems"It was shown that the double-diffusive convection consisting of heat drived by particle precipitation and suspended matter is a multi-diffusive convection system which many kinds of substances such as particles and dissolved matter circulate in lakes.2. "A model of seasonal changes in vertical distribution of water temperature and nutrients in Lake Biwa" Seasonal changes in vertical distribution of water temperature and nutrients were reappeared by constructing a new model in conbination of momentum equation with heat transfer and turbulent diffusion equations.3. "A model of matter cycle in lake ecosysterns" was built on the basis of behaviors of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus through food webs in plankton communities.The rest are "A model of vertical distribution of phytoplankton" inducing turbulent diffusion item into a light-nutrient model and "A coexistence model of phytoplankton and bacteria in microbial loop".