Comparative Scientific Research about the traditional Consciousness of Liberal Arts (jiyugakugei), Way of Arts (geido) and Six Arts (rikugei) in the East and the West

本研究是一个合作项目，旨在比较欧洲、日本和中国的传统文科意识（“阿尔特斯liberales”，jiyugakugei）、艺术之道（geido）和六艺（rikugei）。参加者包括来自广岛市立大学、广岛大学和其他大学的人。在欧洲，“阿尔特斯自由”，从古代到中世纪一直被理解为七个文科和理科不是分开的，而是一起，以促进人文学科的研究。这七门艺术包括语法、修辞、辩证法、算术、几何、天文和音乐。他们不仅是科学的门徒，而且是人文教育和人文修养的门徒，其中最重要的是哲学。罗马的西塞罗说，受过教育和有教养的人将遵循尊严，这是人类所必需的美德。在文艺复兴时期，佩特拉卡声称， 关于我们 伦理对人类社会的必要性。这是美术的目的之一。列奥纳多达芬奇坚持绘画是一门科学，并称之为“scienza della pittura”，意思是绘画应该与科学处于同一水平，因为它本质上需要透视、解剖、光学等科学要素。日本的艺术之道（Geido），也就是人们的审美意识，包含了关于艺术和艺术实践的观念。这被理解为形成一个具有高尚美德和审美教育的人，从而拥有真善美所需要的各种艺术和修养。中国自古以来就有礼、乐、射、乘、书、数等传统艺术，这些艺术不仅与人性和道德的培养有关，而且与艺术和科学有关。为了学习和实践它们，人们不得不学习文学和哲学，诗歌和绘画。绘画必须与书法（shogadoutai）相结合，这是一种基于严格的六艺训练和严格的科学学科，哲学和伦理学学习的秘密技术。该项目旨在从比较的角度研究这三个概念，以明确它们的异同。因此，我们强调，这三个美学体系不仅属于艺术领域，而且属于人类生活的普遍范畴，其价值取向是真、善、美的普遍观念。传统艺术及其阐释既属于感性领域，又属于理性领域，同时又指向审美真理，这一结论是我们对跨学科研究的贡献。少

This research is a joint project aiming to compare interpretatively the traditional consciousness of Liberal Arts ("artes liberales", jiyugakugei), Ways of Arts (geido) and Six Arts (rikugei) in Europe, Japan and China. It incorporated participants from Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima University and other universities.In Europe the "artes liberales", have been understood since ancient times through the Middle Ages to the present day as seven liberal arts and sciences not separately, but taken together in order to promote studies in humanities. These seven arts included grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music. They were disciples belonging not only to sciences, but also to education in humanities and cultivation of human beings, most important together with philosophy.Cicero of Rome said that the educated and cultivated man would follow the dignity, which was a virtue necessary for the human beings. In the epoch of Renaissance Petrarca claimed the n … More ecessity of ethics for the human society. It was one of the aims of fine arts. Leonardo da Vinci insisted that painting was a science and called it "scienza della pittura", meaning that painting should be on the same level as science, because it needed essentially such scientific elements as perspective, anatomy, optics and others.The Japanese Way of Arts (Geido), which was also the aesthetic consciousness of the people, comprised the ideas about arts and artistic practices. This has been understood as all sorts of arts and cultivated styles required for the formation of a human being with high virtue and aesthetically educated, thus possessing truth, good and beauty. According to Geido, a human being could return to his original nature and achieve the transcendental state.Since most ancient times the Chinese traditional arts included courteousness (rei), music (raku), shooting (sha), riding (gyo), writing (sho) and mathematics (suu), which were related not only to the cultivation of the human nature and morals, but to arts and science as well. In order to learn and practice them people had to study literature and philosophy, poetry and painting. Painting must always go together with calligraphy (shogadoutai), which belongs to a secret technique based on severe training in Six Arts and strict learning of scientific disciplines, philosophy and ethics.The project aimed to study these three concepts in a comparative perspective in order to make clear their similarities and differences. So, we emphasize that these three aesthetic systems belong not only to the sphere of arts, but to the human life in general with universal ideas about truth, good and beauty as their values. This conclusion that the traditional arts and their interpretations belong both to the sensitive and rational realms targeting, at the same time, at the aesthetic truth is our contribution to the interdisciplinary research. Less