Comparative Scientific Research about the traditional Consciousness of Liberal Arts (jiyugakugei), Way of Arts (geido) and Six Arts (rikugei) in the East and the West

东西方传统文雅意识、艺道意识、六艺意识的比较科学研究

• 批准号: 10610049
• 负责人: SAITO Minoru
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima City University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610049/
• 关键词: liberal arts (artes liberals); Way of Arts; Six Arts; crafts (artes mechanicae); aesthetic cultivation; truth, goods and beauty; traditional consciousness; theory of sense; 文人画; 書画同体

This research is a joint project aiming to compare interpretatively the traditional consciousness of Liberal Arts ("artes liberales", jiyugakugei), Ways of Arts (geido) and Six Arts (rikugei) in Europe, Japan and China. It incorporated participants from Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima University and other universities.In Europe the "artes liberales", have been understood since ancient times through the Middle Ages to the present day as seven liberal arts and sciences not separately, but taken together in order to promote studies in humanities. These seven arts included grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music. They were disciples belonging not only to sciences, but also to education in humanities and cultivation of human beings, most important together with philosophy.Cicero of Rome said that the educated and cultivated man would follow the dignity, which was a virtue necessary for the human beings. In the epoch of Renaissance Petrarca claimed the n … More ecessity of ethics for the human society. It was one of the aims of fine arts. Leonardo da Vinci insisted that painting was a science and called it "scienza della pittura", meaning that painting should be on the same level as science, because it needed essentially such scientific elements as perspective, anatomy, optics and others.The Japanese Way of Arts (Geido), which was also the aesthetic consciousness of the people, comprised the ideas about arts and artistic practices. This has been understood as all sorts of arts and cultivated styles required for the formation of a human being with high virtue and aesthetically educated, thus possessing truth, good and beauty. According to Geido, a human being could return to his original nature and achieve the transcendental state.Since most ancient times the Chinese traditional arts included courteousness (rei), music (raku), shooting (sha), riding (gyo), writing (sho) and mathematics (suu), which were related not only to the cultivation of the human nature and morals, but to arts and science as well. In order to learn and practice them people had to study literature and philosophy, poetry and painting. Painting must always go together with calligraphy (shogadoutai), which belongs to a secret technique based on severe training in Six Arts and strict learning of scientific disciplines, philosophy and ethics.The project aimed to study these three concepts in a comparative perspective in order to make clear their similarities and differences. So, we emphasize that these three aesthetic systems belong not only to the sphere of arts, but to the human life in general with universal ideas about truth, good and beauty as their values. This conclusion that the traditional arts and their interpretations belong both to the sensitive and rational realms targeting, at the same time, at the aesthetic truth is our contribution to the interdisciplinary research. Less

本研究是一个合作项目，旨在比较欧洲、日本和中国的传统文科意识（“artes liberales”，jiyugakugei）、艺术之道（geido）和六艺（rikugei）。参加者来自广岛市立大学、广岛大学和其他大学。在欧洲，“自由艺术”，从古代到中世纪一直被理解为七个文科和科学，不是分开的，而是结合在一起，以促进人文学科的研究。这七门艺术包括语法、修辞、辩证法、算术、几何、天文学和音乐。他们不仅是科学的信徒，而且是人文教育和人的修养的信徒，最重要的是与哲学一起。罗马的西塞罗说，受过教育和有教养的人会追求尊严，这是人类所必需的美德。在文艺复兴时期，彼得拉卡宣称道德对人类社会的必要性。这是美术的目的之一。列奥纳多·达·芬奇坚持认为绘画是一门科学，并称之为“scienza della pittura”，意思是绘画应该与科学处于同一水平，因为它本质上需要透视、解剖学、光学等科学元素。日本艺道是日本人的审美意识，它包含了对艺术的观念和艺术实践。这被理解为形成一个具有高尚美德和审美修养的人所需要的各种艺术和修养风格，从而拥有真善美。根据Geido的说法，一个人可以回到他的本性，达到超然的状态。自古以来，中国的传统艺术包括礼（rei）、乐（raku）、射（sha）、骑（gyo）、写（sho）和数学（su），它们不仅与人性和道德的培养有关，而且与艺术和科学有关。为了学习和实践它们，人们必须学习文学、哲学、诗歌和绘画。绘画必须始终与书法（shogadoutai）在一起，这是一种基于严格的六艺训练和严格的科学学科，哲学和伦理学习的秘密技术。本项目旨在从比较的角度对这三个概念进行研究，以明确它们的异同。因此，我们强调，这三种美学体系不仅属于艺术领域，而且属于一般的人类生活，它们的价值观是关于真、善、美的普遍观念。传统艺术及其阐释既属于感性领域，又属于理性领域，同时又指向审美真理，这一结论是我们对跨学科研究的贡献。少

项目成果

安西信一: "復楽園としてのイギリス-ハートリブ・サークルの庭園論における活動・改良・拡大主義(1640-60)" 『欧米文化研究』(広島大学総合科学部紀要). 第5号. 1-20 (1998)

安西真一：“作为天堂的英格兰：哈特利布圈子花园理论中的活动、改进和扩张（1640-60）”《西方文化研究》（广岛大学艺术与科学学院通报）第5.1期。 - 20 (1998)

齊藤稔: "西欧共同社会における人文学的学芸研究の基礎-12世紀人文主義の文化的要件-"東北芸術文化学会. 第5号. 3-23 (2000)

Minoru Saito：“西欧社会人文策展研究的基础 - 12 世纪人文主义的文化要求 -”东北艺术文化协会第 5. 3-23 号（2000 年）。

安西信一: "イギリス風景式庭園の美学<開かれた庭>のパラドックス"東京大学出版会. 335 (2000)

安西真一：《英国风景园林开放式园林美学的悖论》东京大学出版社335（2000）。

青木孝夫: "観客の登場"『藝術学の百年』勁草書房. 62-79 (2000)

青木隆夫：《观众的出现》，《艺术研究一百年》，Keiso Shobo 62-79 (2000)。

安西信一: "イギリス風景式庭園の美学〈開かれた庭〉のパラドックス"東京大学出版会. 335 (2000)

安西真一：“英国园林美学：开放花园的悖论”东京大学出版社335（2000）。