A research of self-choice elaboration effects on memory

本研究的目的是比较自我选择细化（SG）与自我产生细化（SG）和实验者提供细化（EP）对附带记忆的影响。在SC条件下，被试被要求从与目标相关的信息中选择一个选项；在SG条件下，被试被要求生成与目标相关的信息；在EP条件下，被试被要求评价实验者提供的信息与目标的相关性。1,2和3表明SC和SG条件下的目标比EP条件下的目标更容易被回忆。这些结果可以解释为，自我选择的细化和自我产生的细化对附带记忆的影响是相同的。实验4、5、6和7表明，在树回忆测试中，以两个关联作为备选的目标被回忆的最多。这些结果可以解释为，自我选择阐述的有效性是由每个目标与其备选之间的关系质量决定的。实验8、9、10和11表明，自我选择细化效应（SC对EP的优势）在奇异句中存在，而在普通句中不存在；自我选择细化效应在低意象句框中存在，而在高意象句框中不存在。这些结果可以解释为句子框架类型（奇异与普通）和句子框架形象（高与低）决定了自我选择阐述的有效性。实验12、13、14和15表明，科目的等级或知识基础决定了自我选择阐述的有效性。最后，本研究阐明了新的阐述即自我选择阐述是有效的，而自我选择阐述的有效性是由多种因素决定的。

The purpose of the present study was to examine the self-choice elaboration (SG) effects on incidental memory in comparison with self-generated elaboration (SG) and experimenter-provided elaboration (EP). In SC condition, subjects were asked to select one of the alternatives of information relating to the target In SG condition, subjects were asked to generate the information relating to the target In EP condition, subjects were asked to rate the relatedness of information provided by experimenter to the target.Exp. 1, 2 and 3 indicated that targets in SC and SG conditions were recalled more often than those in EP condition. These results were interpreted as showing that the self-choice elaboration as well as the self-generated elaboration had same effects on incidental memory. Exp. 4, 5, 6 and 7 showed that targets presented with two associates of it as alternatives were most recalled in tree recall test These results were interpreted as showing that the effectiveness of self-choice elaboration were determined by the quality of relation among each target and its alternatives. Exp. 8, 9 10 and 11 indicated that the self-choice elaboration effect the superiority of SC to EP, was observed in bizarre sentences, but the effect was not in common sentence, and that the self-choice elaboration eflects were observed in low-image sentence frame, but not in high-image sentences. These results were interpreted as showing that type of sentence frame (bizarre vs. common) and image of sentence frame (high vs. low) determined the effectiveness of self-choice elaboration. Exp. 12, 13, 14 and 15 indicated that the grade of subjects or knowledge base determined the effectiveness of the self-choice elaboration. Finally, the present study clarified that the new elaboration, namely self-choice elaboration, was effective and the effectiveness of the self-choice elaboration were determined by various factors.