Creating a Home-like Living Environment for At-risk Youths - A Case Study of Small Housing Units Run by Married Couples -

本研究从建筑结构和居住环境两个方面考察了由已婚夫妇经营的问题青少年小型住房单位的发展情况。楼宇及其周围环境对这类儿童和青少年的日常生活和教育非常重要，他们需要家庭居所以外的其他房屋安排。成立了北海道家庭学校(北海道家庭学校)和冈山家庭学校，为青少年康复创造像家一样的环境。我们通过研究这两所学校过去的建筑计划和采访过去和现在的工作人员来追溯这两所学校的悠久历史。对单位的建筑设计和实际使用给予了特别关注。其次，我们对在日本居家机构工作的工作人员进行了一项调查，以支持高危青少年。这些问题涉及他们的工作性质、支持系统、工作条件、居住条件、…更多的与其他员工的关系，年轻人的生活状况等。这项调查关注的是已婚夫妇经营的小户型与其他设施的不同之处。调查结果显示，年轻人用来放松、吃饭、学习和睡觉的“大厅”，相当于家里的起居室和餐厅。年轻人的厨房和起居室太小，不适合他们独立生活的训练，夏天太潮湿和炎热。另一个问题是，工作人员无法监控卫生间里的年轻人。在工作人员的私人区域，没有足够的隐私和空间，但许多居住条件不是很好的工作人员积极评价已婚夫妇经营的小型住房。我们会继续检讨为边缘青少年提供住宿设施的目标，并重新考虑适合已婚夫妇经营的小型住宅单位的居住环境。该设施必须提供一个环境，不仅是年轻人，而且是工作人员和家庭成员，都能有宾至如归的感觉。较少

This study examines the development of small housing units for troubled youths run by married couple through their architectural structure and residential environment. Buildings and the environment in and around them are instrumental in the daily life and education of such children and youths who need alternative housing arrangement to family home.First, our case study analysis covers two facilities. Hokkaido Katei Gakko("Hokkaido Family school") and "Okayama Seitoku Gakko" were established to create a home-like environment for youth rehabilitation. We trace the long history of the two schools by studying their past building plans and interviewing staff members, past and present. A particular attention was paid to the units' architectural design and actual use. Second, we conducted a survey of staff members who work at residential facilities to support at-risk youths in Japan. The questions concerned the nature of their work, support system, working conditions, residential conditions, … More relationships with other staffs, living conditions of the youths, and so on. The survey focused on differences between small housing units run by married couples and other facilities.The findings show what is called a "hall", an equivalent of living and dining room in a home, was used by youths for relaxation, eating, studying and also sleep. The kitchen and the living room for youths are too small for their training to live independently, too humid and hot in the summer. Another problem is that staffs cannot monitor youths in the bathroom. In the staffs' private area, there is not enough privacy and space.However, many staff members who are not in a very good living condition positively evaluate small housing units run by married couples. They are more motivated toward their work and more often get encouragement directly from the youths.We continue to reexamine the objective of residential facility supporting at-risk youths and reconsider the living environment suitable for small housing units run by married couples. The facility must provide an environment where not only the youths but also the staff and family members all can feel at home. Less