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Occupation, Family, and Lifelong Education after Middle Age in Japan and the United States

日本和美国的职业、家庭和中年以后的终身教育

基本信息

批准号：
10610248
负责人：
IWAI Hachiro
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610248/
关键词：
Life Course Aging Life-long Education U.S.-JAPAN COMparison Early Erit from Labor Market Persion System

项目摘要

This study aims at clarifying the changing patterns of occupational and family careers after middle age in Japan and the United States. Based on the quantitative analyses of Japan and US data, this study also examines how the changing patterns of life course are related to the expansion of lifelong education. The first part of this study, using OECD labor statistics, compared changes in employment patterns for women and the aged in Japan, Sweden, Germany, and the United States. It is shown that Japanese uniqueness has been evident since the middle of 1970s : Japanese society has maintained the M-shaped employment pattern for Japanese women' life course and high employment ratio among the Japanese aged. Although changes in Japanese life course are limited, compared with the US, the young cohort of college educated women continue to work after the age of 30 and a third of the aged are now economically secure as a result of pension system. These changes are related to the expansion of lifelong education in Japan. The second part of this study attempts to clarify family changes in the United States, examining the published statistics and current research results. American families has changed since the 1950s. Women' employment and individualism are important driving forces of changes. Self-fulfillment is now a crucial criterion of evaluating one's occupation, family and education over the life course in the U.S. The third part of this study points out that changes in Japanese life course since the middle 1970s are limited to women and the aged. However, changes in women and the aged have individualized one's life. Self-fulfillment, as a result of individualization, has now been pursued over one's life in Japan.

本研究旨在阐明日本和美国中年后职业和家庭事业的变化模式。在对日本和美国数据进行定量分析的基础上，本研究还考察了生命历程模式的变化与终身教育扩展的关系。本研究的第一部分，使用OECD的劳动统计数据，比较了日本、瑞典、德国和美国的女性和老年人就业形态的变化。研究表明，自20世纪70年代中期以来，日本的独特性十分明显：日本社会一直保持着日本女性生命历程的M型就业模式和日本老年人的高就业率。虽然日本人生活方式的变化有限，但与美国相比，受过大学教育的年轻女性群体在30岁后继续工作，三分之一的老年人现在由于养老金制度而在经济上有保障。这些变化与日本终身教育的扩大有关。本研究的第二部分试图澄清美国家庭的变化，检查公布的统计数据和目前的研究结果。自20世纪50年代以来，美国家庭发生了变化。妇女就业和个人主义是变革的重要推动力。在美国，自我实现是评价职业、家庭和教育的重要标准。本研究的第三部分指出，自20世纪70年代中期以来，日本人的生命历程发生了变化，但仅限于女性和老年人。然而，妇女和老年人的变化使人们的生活个性化。自我实现，作为个性化的结果，现在已经成为日本人一生的追求。