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On "Kisho" in Heian Period -a preventive law of corruption for aristocrat-

论平安时代的“纪将”——贵族腐败预防法——

基本信息

批准号：
10610328
负责人：
SHIMOMUKAI Tatsuhiko
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Hiroshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the Middle ages in Japan there were laws called Kishomon. They were established as proof when people vowed to Gods and Buddha that they reached an agreement and worked together. On the other hand until now Kisho in Nara and Heian period have been considered to be laws whose contents were proposals and prohibitions and to be different from Kishomon in the Middle Age.When we examine the descriptions on Kisho in Shoyuki, written by Fujiwara Sanesuke an aristocrat in Sekkan period, we are able to classfy the Kisho in the Sekkan period that he established as Kugyo or Konoe-Taisho into the following three types : 1. Konoe-hu's Kisho, 2. Tenjyo's Kisho, and 3. Kugyo's Kisho.1. Konoe-hu's Kisho was bylaw established by Konoe-Taisho- the general director of Konoe-hu-concerning the service to the Emperor and the rewards and punishments, and all the member of the Konoe-hu had the duty to observe this bylaw strictly.2. Tenjyo is the place where Tenjyobito : served the Emperor everyday. Tenjyo's Kisho were the bylaw established by Sekkan -the agent or assistant of the Emperor- concerning the service to the Emperor and the punishments for immorals of Tenjyobito, and all Tenjyobito had the duty to observe this bylaw strictly.3. Kugyo's Kisho was established for the purpose that when Kugyo attended Zuryo-koka-sadame -the conference for judging Zuryo's result-, all the attendants make a check severely on Zuryo's financial works.Through this study of three tipes of Kisho in Sekkan period I presented the new knowledge on how the law was established in Sekkan period, and clarified that Kugyo's Kisho especially had the Kugyo' s self-controlling function to keep justice on the personal trasfers of Zuryo.

在日本的中世纪有一种叫做Kishomon的法律。当人们向神和佛发誓他们达成了协议并一起工作时，它们被确立为证据。另一方面，迄今为止，奈良、平安时代的纪章一直被认为是与中世纪的纪章不同的、以建议和禁止为内容的法律。在研究石馆时代的贵族藤原实介所著的《昭书》中关于纪章的记述时，可以将石馆时代的纪章（他所创立的"国教"或"近卫大正"）分为以下三种类型：1.近卫胡的纪章，2.天神的纪翔，和3. Kugyo's Kisho. 1.近卫护的纪章是近卫护的总干事近卫大正制定的关于为天皇服务和奖惩的细则，近卫护的所有成员都有义务严格遵守这一细则。2.天王殿是天王殿每天侍奉天皇的地方。天皇训令是由天皇的代理人或助手石坎制定的关于为天皇服务和对天皇不道德行为的惩罚的细则，所有天皇都有义务严格遵守这一细则。3.国教纪章的设立是为了在国教参加判断国教成果的会议时，全体与会者对国教的财务工作进行严格的检查。通过对世观时期纪章的三种类型的研究，我提出了关于世观时期法律是如何建立的新知识，并澄清了Kugyo的Kisho特别具有Kugyo的自我控制功能，以保持对Kugyo个人转移的正义。