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The Relation between Lexical Structures and Syntactic Structures

词汇结构和句法结构之间的关系

基本信息

批准号：
10610449
负责人：
YAMADA Yoshihiro
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The main purpose of the present research was to explore the relation between lexical structures and syntactic structures within the framework of generative grammar. In pursuing the research, I focused upon the phenomena which I refer to as the 'unaccusativity alternation.' 'Since Perlmutter (1978) proposed the Unaccusative Hypothesis, the notion of unaccusativity has been of great importance in the study of verb syntax. The Unaccusative Hypothesis is a generalization on underlying properties of verbs to the effect that intransitive verbs, which were assumed to be uniform in their basic syntactic properties, can be subdivided into two categories: unergative verbs and unaccusative verbs. According to this hypothesis, the sole argument of an unaccusative verb (e.g. freeze, break, etc.) is a structural object at D-structure, although the argument of unergative verb (e.g. run. laugh, etc.) occupies the subject position.Levin and Rappaport Hovav have found in their studies of unaccusativity … More that verbs of manner of motion (e.g. run, jump., etc.), which usually have unergative properties, behave as if they are unaccusative when they are accompanied by phrases of 'change of location.' For instance, the verb run behaves as an unergative verb when it appears in the sentence The children were running in the garden, but it shows typical unaccusative properties in the expression The children ran into the room.I have attempted to explain this type of alternation, utilizing the 'zero morpheme' analysis of verbs developed in Pesetsky (1995). As a starting point of the research, I took notice of the Japanese construction which corresponds to an unaccusative alternation construction in English. In Japanese, verbs of manner of motion always form a bimorphemic structure when they are used as unaccusative verbs; the morpheme - teiku must be attached to the verb stem (e.g. hashir), as in Taro wa eki ni hashi(t)-teitta. My proposal is that English has a zero counterpart of Japanese -teiku in the lexicon, and manner-of-motion verbs are always bimorphemic in their unaccusative use in the sense that they always consist of a verbal stem and a certain kind of zero morpheme. I have shown that the bimorphemic analysis proposed in this research has desirable consequences in explaining some peculiar properties of unaccusative alternation. Less

本研究的主要目的是在生成语法的框架内探讨词汇结构和句法结构之间的关系。在研究过程中，我把注意力集中在我称之为“不可逆性交替”的现象上。自从Perlmutter（1978）提出非限定性假设以来，非限定性概念在动词句法研究中一直占有重要地位。不作格动词假设是对动词基本性质的一种概括，认为不作格动词可以分为两类：不作格动词和不作格动词。根据这一假设，一个不确定动词（如freeze、break等）的唯一论元是在D-结构中是一个结构宾语，尽管非作格动词的论元（如run.笑等）。Levin和Rappaport Hovav在他们对非对称性的研究中发现， ...更多信息表示动作方式的动词（例如，跑，跳，等等），通常具有非作格性质，当它们伴随着“位置的改变”短语时，表现得好像它们是非作格的。例如，动词run在句子The children were running in the garden中表现为非作格动词，但在表达The children ran into the room中却表现出典型的非作格动词性质。我试图利用Pesetsky（1995）对动词的“零语素”分析来解释这种交替。作为研究的出发点，我注意到了日语中与英语中的非限定性交替结构相对应的结构。在日语中，运动方式的动词在用作非限定动词时总是形成双语素结构;语素- teiku必须附加在动词词干（例如hashir）上，如Taro wa eki ni hashi（t）-teitta。我的建议是，英语在词汇中没有日语的零对应词-我已经表明，在这项研究中提出的双态分析，在解释一些独特的性质的非对称交替有理想的后果。少