The Relation between Lexical Structures and Syntactic Structures

词汇结构和句法结构之间的关系

基本信息

批准号：
10610449
负责人：
YAMADA Yoshihiro
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The main purpose of the present research was to explore the relation between lexical structures and syntactic structures within the framework of generative grammar. In pursuing the research, I focused upon the phenomena which I refer to as the 'unaccusativity alternation.' 'Since Perlmutter (1978) proposed the Unaccusative Hypothesis, the notion of unaccusativity has been of great importance in the study of verb syntax. The Unaccusative Hypothesis is a generalization on underlying properties of verbs to the effect that intransitive verbs, which were assumed to be uniform in their basic syntactic properties, can be subdivided into two categories: unergative verbs and unaccusative verbs. According to this hypothesis, the sole argument of an unaccusative verb (e.g. freeze, break, etc.) is a structural object at D-structure, although the argument of unergative verb (e.g. run. laugh, etc.) occupies the subject position.Levin and Rappaport Hovav have found in their studies of unaccusativity … More that verbs of manner of motion (e.g. run, jump., etc.), which usually have unergative properties, behave as if they are unaccusative when they are accompanied by phrases of 'change of location.' For instance, the verb run behaves as an unergative verb when it appears in the sentence The children were running in the garden, but it shows typical unaccusative properties in the expression The children ran into the room.I have attempted to explain this type of alternation, utilizing the 'zero morpheme' analysis of verbs developed in Pesetsky (1995). As a starting point of the research, I took notice of the Japanese construction which corresponds to an unaccusative alternation construction in English. In Japanese, verbs of manner of motion always form a bimorphemic structure when they are used as unaccusative verbs; the morpheme - teiku must be attached to the verb stem (e.g. hashir), as in Taro wa eki ni hashi(t)-teitta. My proposal is that English has a zero counterpart of Japanese -teiku in the lexicon, and manner-of-motion verbs are always bimorphemic in their unaccusative use in the sense that they always consist of a verbal stem and a certain kind of zero morpheme. I have shown that the bimorphemic analysis proposed in this research has desirable consequences in explaining some peculiar properties of unaccusative alternation. Less

本研究的主要目的是探索通用语法框架内词汇结构与句法结构之间的关系。在追求这项研究时，我专注于我称之为“不依赖性替代性”的现象。 “自从Perlmutter（1978）提出了不可选中的假设以来，在动词语法的研究中，不可思议的概念非常重要。不可理式的假设是对动词的潜在特性的概括，其效果是，不及物动词在其基本的语法特性中被认为是统一的，可以将其细分为两类：非能动词和不可理性的动词。根据这一假设，尽管不熟练动词的论点（例如运行。属性，当它们伴随着“位置变化”的短语时，它们的行为似乎是不可选明的。例如，动词run在孩子们在花园中运行的句子中出现时表现为一种非能动词，但它显示了孩子们进入房间的典型表达中。作为研究的起点，我注意到日本建筑，这对应于英语中不可扣的替代构造。在日语中，运动方式的动词在被用作不可能的动词时始终形成双态性结构。我已经表明，这项研究中提出的双态分析在解释某些不可避免的替代方案的某些特殊特性方面具有理想的后果。较少的