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The Function of Dissenting Opinions at the International Court of Justice

国际法院异议意见的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10620028
负责人：
SUGIHARA Takane
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present research has examined functions of the system of dissenting and separate opinions which are attached to a judgment of the International Court of Justice. The system was first introduced at the Permanent Court of International Justice, the predecessor of the present Court, in overcoming a strong opposition to it. The opponents asserted that the system of dissenting opinions would inevitably undermine the moral force of the judgment (majority opinion), hence the judicial authority of the Court.The practice of the both Courts, however, has proved much usefulness of the system rather than its detrimental effect. First, the system of expressing separate and dissenting opinions contributes the dynamic development of international law by incorporating the diversity of approach in a judgment to be rendered by the Court. Second, it serves to clarify the substantial meaning of various portions of the judgment which are at times left in ambiguity.On the other hand, there is a problem to be considered. As far as the present Court concerned, there is a growing tendency in which dissenting judges are, through their individual opinions, inclined to making an attack on legal reasoning of the Court. This is a problem which the old Court had never experienced. It is to be noted that, as Article 57 of the Court's Statute suggests, the purpose of dissenting opinions is to solely indicate the reasons for which a judge is not in agreement with the majority, not to embark himself in expressing a reasoned criticism to the judgment to which his opinion attached.

本研究审查了国际法院判决所附的不同意见和个别意见制度的功能。这一制度最初是在常设国际法院（本法院的前身）克服对它的强烈反对而采用的，反对者断言，不同意见制度将不可避免地破坏判决的道德力量（多数意见），因此法院的司法权威。然而，两个法院的做法，事实证明，这一制度的用处很大，而不是有害的影响。第一，表达个别和不同意见的制度有助于国际法的蓬勃发展，因为它在法院作出的判决中纳入了不同的做法。第二，它有助于澄清判决中有时模糊不清的各个部分的实质含义。就目前的法院而言，有一种日益增长的趋势，即持不同意见的法官倾向于通过其个人意见对法院的法律的推理进行攻击。这是旧法院从未经历过的问题。应当指出，正如《法院规约》第五十七条所表明的，反对意见的目的仅仅是表明法官不同意多数意见的理由，而不是对他的意见所附的判决提出合理的批评。