权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Research concerning the doctrine of Restraint of Trade in Anglo-American Law

英美法贸易限制原则研究

基本信息

批准号：
10620052
负责人：
ISHIBASHI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Kumamoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10620052/
关键词：
restraint of trade restrictive covenants contract of employment trade secrets customers workforce 従来員確保従業員確保

项目摘要

The law concerning restraint of trade in U.K.has changed from time to time, both in form and in spirit, in response to changes in conditions of trade. In modern law all restraints of trade, in the absence of special justifying circumstances, are contrary to public policy and in that sense prima facie void. Special circumstances justifying restrictive covenants is scrutinized with reference to (1) the existence of Legitimate interests meriting protection, (2) the reasonableness between parties, and (3) the reasonableness in the public interest. Especially restrictive covenants in contract of employment are more strictly scrutinized than commercial contracts. And the interests meriting protection is more narrowly defined between employer and employee than buyer and seller. Because two reasons have been given for this distinction. First buyer and seller may bargain on a more equal footing than employer and employee. Second employee is not paid any compensation in return for the covenants in restraint of trade. Thus to establish that the employer has the interests meriting protection, he must show either that the employee has learnt the employer's trade secrets, or that he has acquired influence over employer's customers. And recently the employer's interest is being extended to protect his interest in maintaining a stable, trained workforce.

英国的贸易限制法在形式和精神上都随着贸易条件的变化而不断变化。在现代法律中，对贸易的一切限制，在没有特殊正当理由的情况下，都是违反公共政策的，在这个意义上，表面上是无效的。限制性契约的特殊情况是根据以下方面进行审查的：（1）是否存在值得保护的合法利益，（2）当事人之间的合理性，以及（3）公共利益的合理性。特别是就业合同中的限制性条款比商业合同受到更严格的审查。值得保护的利益在雇主和雇员之间的定义比在买方和卖方之间的定义更窄。因为有两个原因可以解释这种区别。第一，买方和卖方可以在比雇主和雇员更平等的基础上讨价还价。第二个雇员不支付任何补偿，以换取限制贸易的契约。因此，要确定雇主拥有值得保护的利益，他必须证明雇员已经了解雇主的商业秘密，或者他已经对雇主的客户产生了影响。最近，雇主的利益被扩大到保护他在维持一个稳定的、受过训练的劳动力方面的利益。